A color image watermarking scheme based on affine transformation and S ₄ permutation

In this manuscript, we have proposed a novel methodology for watermarking which is a gigantic exploration territory that is dynamically developing. This scheme is basically based on applying the Galois field GF(2⁴), S ₄ permutation and least significant bits. The investigation of these methods prompts systems for assaults and countermeasures which are utilized to discover blames and limitations in applications, empowering the improvement of better ones. Computerized watermarking is distinctive relying upon its strategies and applications. The extent of this examination is invisible computerized image watermarking for color and gray-scale images. The exploratory consequences of the proposed strategies are dissected utilizing entropy, contrast, homogeneity, energy, means square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, universal image quality index, mutual information, structural similarity, structural dissimilarity and structure content are used to measure the similarity between the cover image and watermarked image.