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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Activation of Chemical Substrates in Green Chemistry

verfasst von : Angelo Albini, Stefano Protti

Erschienen in: Paradigms in Green Chemistry and Technology

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The stability and low polarization of organic molecules forces to use an aggressive chemical or heat to activate (one of) the reagent(s). Addition of an activator worsens the atom economy since spent reagents add to the waste, drastic conditions increase the energetic expenditure. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, bio- and photocatalysis, microwave activation, the use of non conventional solvents (supercritical solvents, ionic liquids) or solventless reactions are the means for obtaining a much more environment-friendly process. The application of such methods to various chemical processes is briefly reviewed according to the chemical transformation involved (redox processes, carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond forming processes), with regards both to commodities and fine chemistry products.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Green Metrics, an Abridged Glossary

Nächstes Kapitel Renewable Resources: From Refinery to Bio-refinery

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Titel: Activation of Chemical Substrates in Green Chemistry
verfasst von: Angelo Albini
Stefano Protti
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Paradigms in Green Chemistry and Technology
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25893-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-25895-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25895-9_3

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