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2017 | Buch

Formal Specification of DEMO Process Model and Its Submodel Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Advances in Enterprise Engineering XI

7th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2017, Antwerp, Belgium, May 8-12, 2017, Proceedings

herausgegeben von: David Aveiro, Robert Pergl, Giancarlo Guizzardi, João Paulo Almeida, Rodrigo Magalhães, Hans Lekkerkerk

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2017, held in Antwerp, Belgium, in May 2017.
EEWC aims at addressing the challenges that modern and complex enterprises are facing in a rapidly changing world. The participants of the working conference share a belief that dealing with these challenges requires rigorous and scientific solutions, focusing on the design and engineering of enterprises. The goal of EEWC is to stimulate interaction between the different stakeholders, scientists as well as practitioners, interested in making Enterprise Engineering a reality.
The 12 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: formalisms; standards and laws; business processes; normalized systems and evolvability; ontologies; and organization design.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Formalisms

Frontmatter
Formal Specification of DEMO Process Model and Its Submodel
Towards Algebra of DEMO Models
Abstract
This paper discusses a specification and merge operation over submodels of a given Process Model (PM) in Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO). In general, a submodel is a part of a given model. An earlier work proposed how submodels of a given DEMO Construction Model (CM) can be attained by a set-theoretic formalization. However, it remains unclear how to expand the formalism to the notion of submodels of a given PM. Since the given PM should align with the corresponding CM, a submodel of the given PM should not only be a PM, but also conform to the corresponding submodel of the CM. These two independent constraints indicate the desired definition and formalization of submodels of PMs. The proposed approach is shown to be applicable to a common demonstration case. Through the formalization, this paper shows the closure, commutativity, and associativity of the merge operation over submodels of a given PM. Moreover, it is found that the consistency between CMs and PMs is preserved during the merge operation.
Tetsuya Suga, Junichi Iijima
A DEMO Machine - A Formal Foundation for Execution of DEMO Models
Abstract
The discipline of enterprise engineering and the DEMO methodology provide enterprise designers with a formal techniques to design companies where competency, responsibility and authority is clearly defined. In such companies, process-based anomalies can be avoided and people tend to cooperate more effectively and contentedly.
These techniques are so far mostly used just for business process modeling consultancy. DEMO-based software systems are needed to adopt and support these techniques in professional companies. This paper proposes a theoretical computation concept called DEMO Machine that provides us with formal foundations for a simulation of DEMO models. We demonstrate these formal foundations on a Volley Club example.
Marek Skotnica, Steven J. H. van Kervel, Robert Pergl

Standards and Laws

Frontmatter
Adding Quality of Information to the Ontological Model of an Enterprise
Abstract
Critical to the success of an enterprise is to not only remember and share information, but also to make sure it meets the required quality. We developed a method for adding information quality requirements to the ontological DEMO model of an enterprise, by first defining information products, second determine relevant quality characteristics from the ISO/IEC 25012:2008 Data Quality Model for Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation standard, and third add these quality characteristics to the ontological model [1]. As a benefit we found that it not only offers a systematic way to determine the needed quality of information to support the business organization, it also reveals a way to model this need on an ontological level through the creation, remembering and recalling of new information and by the use of this new information in the action rules of new or existing actor roles. Further research is required to ascertain this is a good starting point for eliciting software requirements to support responsibilities regarding quality of information.
Ron Deen, Johan Mijs, Martin Op ’T Land
DEMO/PSI Theory and the Law of the Land
Abstract
This work analyzes two sources of law and elicit its underlying transactions. Then tries to model them using DEMO/PSI theory and analyzes the assumptions mismatches between law and DEMO/PSI. Design Engineering and Modeling for Organizations (DEMO) is a general-purpose theory and method to model interactions in society (between individuals and/or organizations) that uses a communication-centric approach. The Performance in Social Interactions (PSI) theory is a component of DEMO that explains a “universal transaction pattern” used to model those social interactions. The laws used as case studies are Portuguese contract law included in the Civil Code (from 1966); and the Common European Sales Law (CESL) from the European Union (EU), which is currently in final proposal stage. Through the analysis and discussion of these case studies, we suggest improvements to the DEMO/PSI theory based on the constraints expressed in those laws.
Duarte Gouveia, David Aveiro
The Perspectives of DEMO Application to COSO Internal Audit Framework Risks Mitigation
Abstract
The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Framework is one of the most diffused internal audit (IA) tools. According to some sources 82% of companies use it realizing the IA procedures as their reference framework. Still, it presents some limitations, especially in the field of risk assessment linked to the weak formal distinction between the framework itself (the organizational structures and policies realized to promote, integrate and improve the management of risk) and the process used for risk management (the operations realized to assess, treat and monitor the risk). So, the formal separation of the organizational level from the aspects which the framework seeks to integrate into all critical organizations processes where decisions are made is needed. The COSO framework was realized on the base of principles-based approach. So, the aim of the present paper is to describe the formal approach based on DEMO methodology tools oriented to the elimination or mitigation of limits inherent to COSO framework.
Eduard Babkin, Pavel Malyzhenkov, Fabrizio Rossi
VISI Revisited
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the use in practice of the VISI standard. The goal of the VISI standard is to arrange the cooperation of the parties in construction projects. Application of the VISI standard is not without troubles. The VISI standard is based on the DEMO methodology. We used the Hevner Three Cycle View and Sein’s ADR to understand what and we used interviewing and process mining to understand how the development and use of VISI has been. We conclude that an overall cycle over the three cycle view is necessary to see that the right process is followed in using scientific knowledge to design artifacts that solve practical problems.
Niek J. Pluijmert

Business Processes

Frontmatter
Converting DEMO PSI Transaction Pattern into BPMN: A Complete Method
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to contribute to efforts of improving the Business Process Modelling (BPM) practice. We present an original method for converting 0enterprise ontology Design & Engineering Method for Organisations (DEMO) process models into a BPMN 2.0 notation. By this approach, we are able to mitigate certain methodological deficiencies of BPMN. The method exhibits the following qualities: Implementation of the complete transaction pattern formulated by the PSI-theory, correct managing of multiple child transaction instances, and executability of the resulting BPMN model.
Ondřej Mráz, Pavel Náplava, Robert Pergl, Marek Skotnica
DEMO Business Processes Design to Improve the Enterprise Business Continuity Plans
Abstract
Organizations are concerned in building resilience to mitigate the challenges that result from unpredictable and constant threat scenarios. Therefore, designing, implementing and operating solutions to increase the resilience is nowadays a key concern that must be addressed properly. The most usual resilience mechanism to deal with the unpredictable within the business ecosystem and correspondingly IT is to produce business continuity (BC) plans. On the one hand, a BC plan is usually established with the data collected from the operation and from the as-is holistic design of business processes (BP). However, BC plans are usually challenged by the insufficient, fragmented, inconsistent and incomplete information when capturing the enterprise’ BP. On the other hand, the Business Impact Analysis (BIA) must be properly prepared to support all business activities and build good recovery strategies, demanding precise, concise, complete, coherent and consistent enterprise’ business processes. This paper integrates and evaluates the DEMO holistic design of business processes with BIA. This solution contributes to the identification and enrichment of existing weaknesses in BC plans and thus improve resilience in case of threat. The validation of the solution is performed using an insurance company case study.
José Brás, Sérgio Guerreiro

Normalized Systems and Evolvability

Frontmatter
Investigating the Evolvability of Financial Domain Models
Abstract
Evolvability is a characteristic dealing with change in Information Systems (IS). As the requirements evolve in time, the complexity of the system may increase. In turn, the ability to change it decreases. Consequently, the cost of a change can become unbearable. A domain model is an important abstraction covering key aspects of IS. Similarly to the IS it represents, it can suffer with the same evolvability issues. The goal of this paper is to assess combinatorial effects (CE) in a financial industry domain model, more specifically a domain model of financial risk management. It reveals difficulties related to identifying combinatorial effects in domain models in general and presents some insights on the nature of combinatorial effects on this level.
Marjolein Deryck, Ondrej Dvořák, Peter De Bruyn, Jan Verelst
Exploring Design Aspects of Modular and Evolvable Document Management
Abstract
Over the past decades, technological advances have drastically changed the way organizations work. One thing that has not changed however, is that they are still required to draft, maintain and manage documents. Nowadays most of these documents are drawn up and stored in an electronic way. Yet their structure is in essence still the same as their analogue and physical predecessors. In this paper, we present a new modular approach to document management that enables the design of content-agnostic and evolvable documents. This new approach imagines documents as multidimensional and ever-changing entities instead of mere static representation of their analogue predecessors. Based on modularity and Normalized Systems reasoning, this approach represents an alternative to the out-of-date paradigm of document management that is currently used. Modularity-based document management leads to easier maintenance of the text modules as they offer a clear aggregate structure and any information is stored in only one text module. This enables both re-use and greater versatility of the information stored in the text modules. As such, the approach presented in this paper enables the creation of truly evolvable documents according to the Normalized Systems theory.
Gilles Oorts, Herwig Mannaert, Peter De Bruyn
Application of Enterprise Engineering to Lean Process Management: An Explorative Case Study
Abstract
Since the publication of ‘The machine that changed the world’, lean has spread in academic and management literature. In this case we study the lean transition of one process in a Belgian financial institution by means of Enterprise Engineering (EE) concepts and methods. Enterprise Ontology (EO) and Normalized Systems (NS) are used. Additionally, Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is used to describe process implementations in more detail. In the case the role of each of these methods is discussed, as well as their weaknesses and advantages. However, it does not propose an explicit integration of different theories. Based on our results and in line with calls from previous research we highlight the contributions of EE tools for lean implementation.
Marjolein Deryck, Philip Huysmans

Ontologies

Frontmatter
The REA Model Expressed in a Generic DEMO Model for Co-creation and Co-production
Abstract
The REA ontology is a domain ontology that aims to support accounting information systems that must provide a truthful and appropriate – GAAP compliant - descriptive perspective of an enterprise in operation. While the application of a domain ontology provides strong benefits, the current representation of the REA model does not provide the desired results; an appropriate working accounting system. One of the root causes of this problem is the lack of a proper formal representation of the REA model. In this paper the DEMO methodology is applied to provide a generic domain and application-independent DEMO model (the CC-CP model) for co-creation and co-production in any industrial production chain. This model appears to be also appropriate to capture any interaction between an enterprise and any external parties, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, personnel etc., and support accounting systems. This approach offers several new advantages, notably: (i) prescriptive workflow-like operation of the enterprise with full transaction driven execution; (ii) process-mining (-like) analysis of daily operation; (iii) ontological completeness of factual knowledge as required not only for accounting systems but also for other descriptive information systems and (iv) completeness of implementation for any kind of business interactions between enterprises.
Frantisek Hunka, Steven J. H. van Kervel
SysPRE - Systematized Process for Requirements Engineering
Abstract
The domain of Knowledge Discovery (KD) and Data Mining (DM) is of growing importance in a time where more and more data is produced and knowledge is one of the most precious assets.
Having explored both the existing underlying theory, the results of the ongoing research in academia and the industry practices in the domain of KD and DM, it was found that this is a domain that still lacks some systematization.
It was also noticed that this systematization exists to a greater degree in the Software Engineering and Requirements Engineering domains, probably due to being more mature areas.
In this paper we propose SysPRE - Systematized Process for Requirements Engineering in KD projects to systematize the requirements engineering process for these projects so that the participation of enterprise stakeholders in the requirements engineering for KD projects can increase.
Ana Neto, Duarte Pinto, David Aveiro
Revisiting the DEMO Transaction Pattern with the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO)
Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the DEMO transaction pattern in light of the domain-independent system of categories put forth by the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). In this process, we treat social relationships in the scope of the DEMO transactions as objectified social entities, and thereby separate the behavioural and structural aspects of the transaction pattern and clarify their interplay. Further, we represent the pattern in the OntoUML ontology-driven conceptual modeling language. The revisited pattern can be embedded in broader enterprise ontologies and reference conceptual models based in UML. The proposed OntoUML models can also be further refined to account for and consider different organizational implementations of business transactions. We demonstrate the proposed representation by applying it to OMGs EU-Rent case.
Tanja Poletaeva, Giancarlo Guizzardi, João Paulo A. Almeida, Habib Abdulrab

Organisation Design

Frontmatter
An OD-Pearl for the EE-Oyster
Abstract
Explaining the basics of Lowlands-SocioTechnical Systems Design (L-STSD) to the Enterprise Engineering community is the first goal of this contribution in order to show how it fits with EE. Then, a first attempt is made to link L-STSD to basic EE insights gained so far. It seems that the commonalities are good, because of a shared basis in general systems theory, and a desire to optimize organizational functioning. The differences may not be problematic, so L-STSD may be a compliant view to enhance the EE-body of knowledge with a new lens on organisational structure, or the labour to be divided and coordinated & controlled.
L. J. Lekkerkerk
A Literature Review of Coordination Mechanisms: Contrasting Organization Science and Information Systems Perspectives
Abstract
Information systems (IS) research has long been promoting the necessity of aligning local IS investments in organizations with their enterprise-wide objectives. One of the prominent means to realize such an alignment are mechanisms that coordinate various stakeholders in different organizational entities. Despite its prominent origins and manifold translations from organization science (OS), there is no single theory on coordination. The research at hand conducts a literature review of the underlying coordination mechanisms to offer a comprehensive understanding of coordination for prospective IS research. To this end and structured in eight categories of mechanisms, we contrast the reflection of coordination in OS and IS research. In outlining implications for future research, we also discuss how IS studies follow and complement OS research.
Maximilian Brosius, M. Kazem Haki, Stephan Aier, Robert Winter
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Advances in Enterprise Engineering XI
herausgegeben von
David Aveiro
Robert Pergl
Giancarlo Guizzardi
João Paulo Almeida
Rodrigo Magalhães
Hans Lekkerkerk
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-57955-9
Print ISBN
978-3-319-57954-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57955-9

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