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Empirical Software Engineering

Erschienen in:

19.12.2015

An exploratory study of api changes and usages based on apache and eclipse ecosystems

verfasst von: Wei Wu, Foutse Khomh, Bram Adams, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc, Giuliano Antoniol

Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Abstract

Frameworks are widely used in modern software development to reduce development costs. They are accessed through their Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which specify the contracts with client programs. When frameworks evolve, API backward-compatibility cannot always be guaranteed and client programs must upgrade to use the new releases. Because framework upgrades are not cost-free, observing API changes and usages together at fine-grained levels is necessary to help developers understand, assess, and forecast the cost of each framework upgrade. Whereas previous work studied API changes in frameworks and API usages in client programs separately, we analyse and classify API changes and usages together in 22 framework releases from the Apache and Eclipse ecosystems and their client programs. We find that (1) missing classes and methods happen more often in frameworks and affect client programs more often than the other API change types do, (2) missing interfaces occur rarely in frameworks but affect client programs often, (3) framework APIs are used on average in 35 % of client classes and interfaces, (4) most of such usages could be encapsulated locally and reduced in number, and (5) about 11 % of APIs usages could cause ripple effects in client programs when these APIs change. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for developers and researchers to reduce the impact of API evolution through language mechanisms and design strategies.

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Titel: An exploratory study of api changes and usages based on apache and eclipse ecosystems
verfasst von: Wei Wu
Foutse Khomh
Bram Adams
Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc
Giuliano Antoniol
Publikationsdatum: 19.12.2015
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1382-3256
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7616
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9411-7

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