nach oben

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Erschienen in:

01.06.2023

An Ionic Boundary Layer near the Lithium Niobate Surface in the Proton Exchange Process

verfasst von: V. A. Demin, M. I. Petukhov, R. S. Ponomarev

Erschienen in: Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry | Ausgabe 3/2023

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The paper presents a theoretical study of the behavior of an ionic boundary layer that occurs in the process of a steady proton exchange in a benzoic acid melt contacting with the surface of a lithium niobate crystal. The penetration of protons into a crystal promotes the injection of oppositely charged ions (lithium and benzoate) from the surface of lithium niobate in the surrounding acid. The transfer of the reaction products and their interaction in benzoic acid is studied numerically. The proposed mathematical model includes the effect of recombination in the volume so that the ions with different charge signs approach each other and form a neutral lithium benzoate. The results of the numerical simulations demonstrate that there are exponential-like concentration profiles of two types of ions, and a non-uniform electric field and pressure distributions develop in the boundary layer under steady-state conditions. In this process, the total charge of the system remains zero. It is shown how the concentration, recombination, and activity of lithium and benzoate ions and the diffusion coefficients affect the profile shapes and the process intensity.

Vorheriger Artikel Study of Magnetoelectric Properties of Composites Based on Magnetic Particles of Fe2O3 and Bentonite Using Percolation Theory

Nächster Artikel Characteristics of Сhanges in the Electrical Conductivity Properties of Weed Plant Tissues under Electropulse Damage

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Jackel, J.L., Rice, C.E., and Veselka, J.J., Proton exchange for high-index waveguides in LiNbO₃, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, vol. 41, p. 607. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.93615CrossRef

Jackel, J.L., Proton exchange: Past, present, and future, Proc. SPIE, Integr. Opt. Circuits, 1991, vol. 1583, p. 54. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50875

Blistanov, A.A., Kristally kvantovoi i nelineinoi optiki (Crystals for Quantum and Nonlinear Optics), Moscow: MISIS, 2000.

Pun, E.Y.B., Kong, T.C., Chung, P.S., and Chan, H.P., Index profile of proton-exchanged waveguides in LiNbO₃ using pyrophosphoric acid, Electr. Lett., 1990, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 81. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19900054CrossRef

Goto, N. and Yip, G.L., Characterization of proton-exchange and annealed LiNbO₃ waveguides with pyrophosphoric acid, Appl. Opt., 1989, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 60. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.28.000060CrossRef

De Micheli, M., Botineau, J., Neveu, S., Sibillot, P., et al., Independent control of index and profiles in proton-exchanged lithium niobate guides, Opt. Lett., 1983, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 114. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.8.000114CrossRef

Petukhov, I.V., Kichigin, V.I., Skachkov, A.P., Mushinsky, S.S., et al., Microindentation of proton exchange layers on X cut of lithium niobate crystals, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, vol. 135, p. 493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.05.013CrossRef

Korkishko, Yu.N. and Fedorov, V.A., Structural phase diagram of H_xLi_{1 –} _xNbO₃ waveguides: The correlation between optical and structural properties, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron., 1996, vol. 2, p. 2. https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.577359CrossRef

Rice, C.E., The structure and properties of Li_{1 –} _xH_xNbO₃, J. Solid State Chem., 1986, vol. 64, p. 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(86)90138-6CrossRef

10.

Shevtsov, D.I., Azanova, I.S., Taisin, I.F., and Volyntsev, A.B., Metastable phases in proton-exchanged waveguides on an X cut of lithium niobate, Phys. Solid State, 2006, vol. 48, no. 6, p. 1059. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783406060138CrossRef

11.

Kichigin, V.I., Petukhov, I.V., Mushinsky, S.S., Oborin, V.A., et al., Structure and properties of proton exchange waveguides on Z cut of lithium niobate crystal fabricated in molten benzoic acid with the addition of lithium benzoate, Int. Conf. Semin. Spec. Micro/Nanotechnol. Electron. Devices, Altai, Russia, July 2–6, 2012, p. 238. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDM.2012.6310225

12.

Mushinsky, S.S., Minkin, A.M., Petukhov, I.V., Kichigin, V.I., et al., Water effect on proton exchange of X-cut lithium niobate in the melt of benzoic acid, Ferroelectrics, 2015, vol. 476, no. 1, p. 84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2015.998530CrossRef

13.

Vohra, S.T., Mickelson, A.R., and Asher, S.E., Diffusion characteristics and waveguiding properties of proton-exchanged and annealed LiNbO₃ channel waveguides, J. Appl. Phys., 1989, vol. 66, p. 5161. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.343751CrossRef

14.

Demin, V.A., Petukhov, M.I., Ponomarev, R.S., and Topova, A.V., On a role of anisotropy and nonlinear diffusive effects during the construction of waveguides in the lithium niobate, Bull. Perm Univ., Phys., 2021, vol. 1, p. 49. https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-3598-2021-1-49-58CrossRef

15.

Kichigin, V.I., Petukhov, I.V., Mushinsky, S.S., Karmanov, V.I., et al., Electrical conductivity and IR spectra of molten benzoic acid, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 2011, vol. 54, no. 12, p. 2060. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427211120081CrossRef

16.

Ganshin, V.A. and Korkishko, Yu.N., Proton exchange in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate single crystals: Regularities and specific features, Phys. Stat. Sol., 1990, vol. 119, no. 2, p. 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211190102CrossRef

17.

Sun, T. and Teja, A.S., Density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of aqueous benzoic acid mixtures between 375 K and 465 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2004, vol. 29, p. 1843. https://doi.org/10.1021/je0497247CrossRef

18.

Mushinsky, S.S., Kichigin V.I., Petukhov, I.V., Minkin, A.M., et al., Structure and properties of proton exchanged layers in +Z cut and –Z cut lithium niobate, Ferroelectrics, 2013, vol. 443, p. 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2013.773856CrossRef

19.

Petukhov, I.V., Mushinsky, S.S., Permyakova, M.A., Kichigin, V.I., et al., Peculiarities of structural phase transformations in proton exchanged layers of Z-cut lithium niobate crystal during annealing, Condens. Matter Interph., 2018, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 443. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/581CrossRef

20.

Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M., Fluid Mechanics, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1987, vol. 6.

21.

Zhakin, A.I., Near-electrode and transient processes in liquid dielectrics, Phys.-Usp., 2006, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 275. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0176.200603d.0289CrossRef

22.

Zhakin, A.I., Electrohydrodynamics, Phys.-Usp., 2012, vol. 55, no. 5, p. 465. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0182.201205b.0495CrossRef

23.

Pontiga, F. and Castellanos, A., Physical mechanisms of instability in a liquid layer subjected to an electric field and a thermal gradient, Phys. Fluids, 1994, vol. 6, p. 1684. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.868231CrossRefMATH

24.

Gershuni, G.Z. and Zhukhovitskii, E.M., Convective Stability of Incompressible Fluids, Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1976.

25.

Nield, D.A., The thermohaline Rayleigh–Jeffreys problem, J. Fluid Mech., 1967, vol. 29, p. 545. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112067001028CrossRef

26.

Mordvinov, A.N. and Smorodin, B.L., Electro-convection under injection from cathode and heating from above, JETP, 2012, vol. 114, no. 5, p. 870. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776112030181CrossRef

27.

Smorodin, B.L. and Taraut, A.V., Dynamics of electroconvective wave flows in a modulated electric field, JETP, 2014, vol. 118, no. 1, p. 158. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776114010178CrossRef

28.

Stoer, J. and Bulirsch, R., Introduction to Numerical Analysis, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980.CrossRefMATH

29.

Suli, E. and Mayers, D., An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefMATH

Titel: An Ionic Boundary Layer near the Lithium Niobate Surface in the Proton Exchange Process
verfasst von: V. A. Demin
M. I. Petukhov
R. S. Ponomarev
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2023
Verlag: Pleiades Publishing
Erschienen in: Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry / Ausgabe 3/2023
Print ISSN: 1068-3755
Elektronische ISSN: 1934-8002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375523030055

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2023

The Effect of the Proportion and Clay Mineralogical Composition on the Rheological Properties of the Raw Clay and the Sodium Carbonate Treated Clay Suspensions

Gas Discharge Point Source of UV Radiation Based on Argon–Copper Gas–Vapor Mixture

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Features of the Distribution of Electric and Thermal Fields during Conductive Electric Current Treatment of Melts

Characteristics of Сhanges in the Electrical Conductivity Properties of Weed Plant Tissues under Electropulse Damage

Effect of Fermentation of Concentrated Whey on the Production of Organic Acids during Electroprocessing

The Regularities of Titanium and Tungsten Carbide Formation from Products of Electric Explosion Destruction of Conductors

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten