Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Biodiesel and Green Diesel Production, Upgrading of Fats and Oils from Renewable Sources

verfasst von : Samira Bagheri

Erschienen in: Catalysis for Green Energy and Technology

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The alternative to conventional diesel or fossil diesel is biodiesel. It can be produced from either fats and oils (vegetable oils, used cooking oils). Production of biodiesel can be carried out chemically by esterification or transesterification reactions. These reactions take place between the fats or oil with short chain or low molecular weight alcohol such as ethanol and methanol. Commonly, ethanol is being used due to its low cost. However, when methanol is used in the reactions, greater conversion of fats and oils into biodiesel can be reached.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Achten WM, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B (2007) Jatropha biodieheterogeneous catalyst for transesterificationsel fueling sustainability? Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 1(4):283–291CrossRef Achten WM, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B (2007) Jatropha biodieheterogeneous catalyst for transesterificationsel fueling sustainability? Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 1(4):283–291CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Al Alwan BA (2014) Biofuels production via catalytic hydrocracking of Ddgs corn oil and hydrothermal decarboxylation of oleic acid over transition metal carbides supported on Al-Sba-15 Al Alwan BA (2014) Biofuels production via catalytic hydrocracking of Ddgs corn oil and hydrothermal decarboxylation of oleic acid over transition metal carbides supported on Al-Sba-15
Zurück zum Zitat Anastopoulos G, Zannikou Y, Stournas S, Kalligeros S (2009) Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters. Energies 2(2):362–376CrossRef Anastopoulos G, Zannikou Y, Stournas S, Kalligeros S (2009) Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters. Energies 2(2):362–376CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ataya F, Dubé MA, Ternan M (2007) Acid-catalyzed transesterification of canola oil to biodiesel under single-and two-phase reaction conditions. Energy Fuels 21(4):2450–2459CrossRef Ataya F, Dubé MA, Ternan M (2007) Acid-catalyzed transesterification of canola oil to biodiesel under single-and two-phase reaction conditions. Energy Fuels 21(4):2450–2459CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Azcan N, Danisman A (2008) Microwave assisted transesterification of rapeseed oil. Fuel 87(10):1781–1788CrossRef Azcan N, Danisman A (2008) Microwave assisted transesterification of rapeseed oil. Fuel 87(10):1781–1788CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barakos N, Pasias S, Papayannakos N (2008) Transesterification of triglycerides in high and low quality oil feeds over an HT2 hydrotalcite catalyst. Biores Technol 99(11):5037–5042CrossRef Barakos N, Pasias S, Papayannakos N (2008) Transesterification of triglycerides in high and low quality oil feeds over an HT2 hydrotalcite catalyst. Biores Technol 99(11):5037–5042CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bo X, Guomin X, Lingfeng C, Ruiping W, Lijing G (2007) Transesterification of palm oil with methanol to biodiesel over a KF/Al2O3 heterogeneous base catalyst. Energy Fuels 21(6):3109–3112CrossRef Bo X, Guomin X, Lingfeng C, Ruiping W, Lijing G (2007) Transesterification of palm oil with methanol to biodiesel over a KF/Al2O3 heterogeneous base catalyst. Energy Fuels 21(6):3109–3112CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bokade V, Yadav G (2007) Synthesis of bio-diesel and bio-lubricant by transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols over heteropolyacids supported by clay (K-10). Process Saf Environ Prot 85(5):372–377CrossRef Bokade V, Yadav G (2007) Synthesis of bio-diesel and bio-lubricant by transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols over heteropolyacids supported by clay (K-10). Process Saf Environ Prot 85(5):372–377CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Canakci M, Sanli H (2008) Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(5):431–441CrossRef Canakci M, Sanli H (2008) Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(5):431–441CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cantrell DG, Gillie LJ, Lee AF, Wilson K (2005) Structure-reactivity correlations in MgAl hydrotalcite catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Appl Catal A 287(2):183–190CrossRef Cantrell DG, Gillie LJ, Lee AF, Wilson K (2005) Structure-reactivity correlations in MgAl hydrotalcite catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Appl Catal A 287(2):183–190CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavani F, Trifirò F, Vaccari A (1991) Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: preparation, properties and applications. Catal Today 11(2):173–301CrossRef Cavani F, Trifirò F, Vaccari A (1991) Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: preparation, properties and applications. Catal Today 11(2):173–301CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chakraborty R, Bepari S, Banerjee A (2010) Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by fly ash and egg shell derived solid catalysts. Chem Eng J 165(3):798–805CrossRef Chakraborty R, Bepari S, Banerjee A (2010) Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by fly ash and egg shell derived solid catalysts. Chem Eng J 165(3):798–805CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Choudary B, Kantam ML, Reddy CV, Aranganathan S, Santhi PL, Figueras F (2000) Mg–Al–O–t-Bu hydrotalcite: a new and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification. J Mol Catal A Chem 159(2):411–416CrossRef Choudary B, Kantam ML, Reddy CV, Aranganathan S, Santhi PL, Figueras F (2000) Mg–Al–O–t-Bu hydrotalcite: a new and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification. J Mol Catal A Chem 159(2):411–416CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Corma A, Iborra S, Miquel S, Primo J (1998) Catalysts for the production of fine chemicals: production of food emulsifiers, monoglycerides, by glycerolysis of fats with solid base catalysts. J Catal 173(2):315–321CrossRef Corma A, Iborra S, Miquel S, Primo J (1998) Catalysts for the production of fine chemicals: production of food emulsifiers, monoglycerides, by glycerolysis of fats with solid base catalysts. J Catal 173(2):315–321CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Craig WK, Soveran DW (1991) Production of hydrocarbons with a relatively high cetane rating. Google Patents Craig WK, Soveran DW (1991) Production of hydrocarbons with a relatively high cetane rating. Google Patents
Zurück zum Zitat da Silva RB, Neto AFL, dos Santos LSS, de Oliveira Lima JR, Chaves MH, dos Santos JR, de Lima GM, de Moura EM, de Moura CVR (2008) Catalysts of Cu (II) and Co (II) ions adsorbed in chitosan used in transesterification of soy bean and babassu oils–a new route for biodiesel syntheses. Biores Technol 99(15):6793–6798CrossRef da Silva RB, Neto AFL, dos Santos LSS, de Oliveira Lima JR, Chaves MH, dos Santos JR, de Lima GM, de Moura EM, de Moura CVR (2008) Catalysts of Cu (II) and Co (II) ions adsorbed in chitosan used in transesterification of soy bean and babassu oils–a new route for biodiesel syntheses. Biores Technol 99(15):6793–6798CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia CM, Teixeira S, Marciniuk LL, Schuchardt U (2008) Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by sulfated zirconia. Biores Technol 99(14):6608–6613CrossRef Garcia CM, Teixeira S, Marciniuk LL, Schuchardt U (2008) Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by sulfated zirconia. Biores Technol 99(14):6608–6613CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guo H, Zhu G, Li H, Zou X, Yin X, Yang W, Qiu S, Xu R (2006) Hierarchical growth of large-scale ordered zeolite silicalite-1 membranes with high permeability and selectivity for recycling CO2. Angew Chem 118(42):7211–7214CrossRef Guo H, Zhu G, Li H, Zou X, Yin X, Yang W, Qiu S, Xu R (2006) Hierarchical growth of large-scale ordered zeolite silicalite-1 membranes with high permeability and selectivity for recycling CO2. Angew Chem 118(42):7211–7214CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haas MJ, Bloomer S, Scott K (2002) Process for the production of fatty acid alkyl esters. Google Patents Haas MJ, Bloomer S, Scott K (2002) Process for the production of fatty acid alkyl esters. Google Patents
Zurück zum Zitat Hoekman SK (2009) Biofuels in the US–challenges and opportunities. Renewable Energy 34(1):14–22CrossRef Hoekman SK (2009) Biofuels in the US–challenges and opportunities. Renewable Energy 34(1):14–22CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huber GW, Iborra S, Corma A (2006) Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem Rev 106(9):4044–4098CrossRef Huber GW, Iborra S, Corma A (2006) Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem Rev 106(9):4044–4098CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kauriinoja A, Huuhtanen M (2010) Small-scale biomass-to-energy solutions for northern periphery areas. MSc Thesis, Oulu Kauriinoja A, Huuhtanen M (2010) Small-scale biomass-to-energy solutions for northern periphery areas. MSc Thesis, Oulu
Zurück zum Zitat Kokossis AC, Yang A (2010) On the use of systems technologies and a systematic approach for the synthesis and the design of future biorefineries. Comput Chem Eng 34(9):1397–1405CrossRef Kokossis AC, Yang A (2010) On the use of systems technologies and a systematic approach for the synthesis and the design of future biorefineries. Comput Chem Eng 34(9):1397–1405CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kouzu M, Kasuno T, Tajika M, Yamanaka S, Hidaka J (2008) Active phase of calcium oxide used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil with refluxing methanol. Appl Catal A 334(1):357–365CrossRef Kouzu M, Kasuno T, Tajika M, Yamanaka S, Hidaka J (2008) Active phase of calcium oxide used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil with refluxing methanol. Appl Catal A 334(1):357–365CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kubičková I, Snåre M, Eränen K, Mäki-Arvela P, Murzin DY (2005) Hydrocarbons for diesel fuel via decarboxylation of vegetable oils. Catal Today 106(1):197–200CrossRef Kubičková I, Snåre M, Eränen K, Mäki-Arvela P, Murzin DY (2005) Hydrocarbons for diesel fuel via decarboxylation of vegetable oils. Catal Today 106(1):197–200CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lestari S, Mäki-Arvela P, Beltramini J, Lu G, Murzin DY (2009) Transforming triglycerides and fatty acids into biofuels. ChemSusChem 2(12):1109–1119CrossRef Lestari S, Mäki-Arvela P, Beltramini J, Lu G, Murzin DY (2009) Transforming triglycerides and fatty acids into biofuels. ChemSusChem 2(12):1109–1119CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lestari S, Simakova I, Tokarev A, Mäki-Arvela P, Eränen K, Murzin DY (2008) Synthesis of biodiesel via deoxygenation of stearic acid over supported Pd/C catalyst. Catal Lett 122(3–4):247–251CrossRef Lestari S, Simakova I, Tokarev A, Mäki-Arvela P, Eränen K, Murzin DY (2008) Synthesis of biodiesel via deoxygenation of stearic acid over supported Pd/C catalyst. Catal Lett 122(3–4):247–251CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leung D, Guo Y (2006) Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: optimization for biodiesel production. Fuel Process Technol 87(10):883–890CrossRef Leung D, Guo Y (2006) Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: optimization for biodiesel production. Fuel Process Technol 87(10):883–890CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis NS (2007) Toward cost-effective solar energy use. Science 315(5813):798–801 Lewis NS (2007) Toward cost-effective solar energy use. Science 315(5813):798–801
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Lu G, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wang Y (2007) A novel solid superbase of Eu2O3/Al2O3 and its catalytic performance for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel. Catal Commun 8(12):1969–1972CrossRef Li X, Lu G, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wang Y (2007) A novel solid superbase of Eu2O3/Al2O3 and its catalytic performance for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel. Catal Commun 8(12):1969–1972CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lou W-Y, Zong M-H, Duan Z-Q (2008) Efficient production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing waste oils using various carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts. Biores Technol 99(18):8752–8758CrossRef Lou W-Y, Zong M-H, Duan Z-Q (2008) Efficient production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing waste oils using various carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts. Biores Technol 99(18):8752–8758CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Macala GS, Robertson AW, Johnson CL, Day ZB, Lewis RS, White MG, Iretskii AV, Ford PC (2008) Transesterification catalysts from iron doped hydrotalcite-like precursors: solid bases for biodiesel production. Catal Lett 122(3–4):205–209CrossRef Macala GS, Robertson AW, Johnson CL, Day ZB, Lewis RS, White MG, Iretskii AV, Ford PC (2008) Transesterification catalysts from iron doped hydrotalcite-like precursors: solid bases for biodiesel production. Catal Lett 122(3–4):205–209CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Makareviciene V, Janulis P (2003) Environmental effect of rapeseed oil ethyl ester. Renewable Energy 28(15):2395–2403CrossRef Makareviciene V, Janulis P (2003) Environmental effect of rapeseed oil ethyl ester. Renewable Energy 28(15):2395–2403CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Malloy D, Mayowski K Biofuels for a sustainable world Malloy D, Mayowski K Biofuels for a sustainable world
Zurück zum Zitat Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Biores Technol 97(6):841–846CrossRef Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Biores Technol 97(6):841–846CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Muller M, Yelden T, Schoonover H (2007) Food versus fuel in the United States: can both win in the era of ethanol? Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) Environment and Agriculture Program Minneapolis, MN Muller M, Yelden T, Schoonover H (2007) Food versus fuel in the United States: can both win in the era of ethanol? Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) Environment and Agriculture Program Minneapolis, MN
Zurück zum Zitat Nylund N-O, Aakko-Saksa P, Sipilä K (2008) Status and outlook for biofuels, other alternative fuels and new vehicles, vol VTT-TIED-2426, VTT Nylund N-O, Aakko-Saksa P, Sipilä K (2008) Status and outlook for biofuels, other alternative fuels and new vehicles, vol VTT-TIED-2426, VTT
Zurück zum Zitat Olivares RDC, Rivera SS, Mc Leod JEN (2014) Database for accidents and incidents in the biodiesel industry. J Loss Prev Process Ind 29:245–261CrossRef Olivares RDC, Rivera SS, Mc Leod JEN (2014) Database for accidents and incidents in the biodiesel industry. J Loss Prev Process Ind 29:245–261CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pickett J, Anderson D, Bowles D, Bridgwater T, Jarvis P, Mortimer N, Poliakoff M, Woods J (2008) Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges. The Royal Society, London Pickett J, Anderson D, Bowles D, Bridgwater T, Jarvis P, Mortimer N, Poliakoff M, Woods J (2008) Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges. The Royal Society, London
Zurück zum Zitat Pradhan A, Shrestha DS, Gerpen JV, Duffield J (2008) The energy balance of soybean oil biodiesel production: a review of past studies. Trans ASAE (Am Soc Agric Eng) 51(1):185 Pradhan A, Shrestha DS, Gerpen JV, Duffield J (2008) The energy balance of soybean oil biodiesel production: a review of past studies. Trans ASAE (Am Soc Agric Eng) 51(1):185
Zurück zum Zitat Saydut A, Duz MZ, Kaya C, Kafadar AB, Hamamci C (2008) Transesterified sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel. Biores Technol 99(14):6656–6660CrossRef Saydut A, Duz MZ, Kaya C, Kafadar AB, Hamamci C (2008) Transesterified sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel. Biores Technol 99(14):6656–6660CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schwietzke S, Ladisch M, Russo L, Kwant K, Mäkinen T, Kavalov B, Maniatis K, Zwart R, Shahanan G, Sipila K (2008) Analysis and identification of gaps in the research for the production of second-generation liquid transportation biofuels. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN Schwietzke S, Ladisch M, Russo L, Kwant K, Mäkinen T, Kavalov B, Maniatis K, Zwart R, Shahanan G, Sipila K (2008) Analysis and identification of gaps in the research for the production of second-generation liquid transportation biofuels. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN
Zurück zum Zitat Simakova I, Simakova O, Mäki-Arvela P, Simakov A, Estrada M, Murzin DY (2009) Deoxygenation of palmitic and stearic acid over supported Pd catalysts: effect of metal dispersion. Appl Catal A 355(1):100–108CrossRef Simakova I, Simakova O, Mäki-Arvela P, Simakov A, Estrada M, Murzin DY (2009) Deoxygenation of palmitic and stearic acid over supported Pd catalysts: effect of metal dispersion. Appl Catal A 355(1):100–108CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith B, Greenwell HC, Whiting A (2009) Catalytic upgrading of tri-glycerides and fatty acids to transport biofuels. Energy Environ Sci 2(3):262–271CrossRef Smith B, Greenwell HC, Whiting A (2009) Catalytic upgrading of tri-glycerides and fatty acids to transport biofuels. Energy Environ Sci 2(3):262–271CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Snåre M, Kubičková I, Mäki-Arvela P, Eränen K, Wärnå J, Murzin DY (2007) Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds: kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation. Chem Eng J 134(1):29–34CrossRef Snåre M, Kubičková I, Mäki-Arvela P, Eränen K, Wärnå J, Murzin DY (2007) Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds: kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation. Chem Eng J 134(1):29–34CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Specht M, Zuberbuhler U, Bandi A (2005) Why biofuels?–an introduction into the topic. RENEW–1st European summer school on renewable motor fuels, Uwelt-Campus-Birkenfeld, 29th–31st August Specht M, Zuberbuhler U, Bandi A (2005) Why biofuels?–an introduction into the topic. RENEW–1st European summer school on renewable motor fuels, Uwelt-Campus-Birkenfeld, 29th–31st August
Zurück zum Zitat Stead JG (2015) Management for a small planet. ME Sharpe Stead JG (2015) Management for a small planet. ME Sharpe
Zurück zum Zitat Vicente G, Martınez M, Aracil J (2004) Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems. Biores Technol 92(3):297–305CrossRef Vicente G, Martınez M, Aracil J (2004) Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems. Biores Technol 92(3):297–305CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Biodiesel and Green Diesel Production, Upgrading of Fats and Oils from Renewable Sources
verfasst von
Samira Bagheri
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43104-8_6