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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Can Compliance Programmes Contribute to Effective Antitrust Enforcement?

verfasst von : Florence Thépot

Erschienen in: Competition Law Compliance Programmes

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter discusses the significance of corporate compliance programmes as a competition enforcement tool. Current enforcement challenges in the fight against collusive practices that are, a low probability of detection and under-deterrence of corporate fines, raise the need to move away from a strictly sanction-based type of enforcement. It is argued that competition authorities should steer companies’ incentives towards implementing effective compliance programmes. Rewarding effective compliance programmes in the context of an investigation can improve the effectiveness of corporate sanctions in providing ex ante incentives to companies to deter and detect illegal behaviour internally. Outlining the key foundations of an effective compliance programme, this chapter also helps understanding how and when competition authorities should reward the compliance efforts of companies.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Compliance and Individual Sanctions in the Enforcement of Competition Law

Nächstes Kapitel Legal Incentives for Compliance Programmes: Stick or Carrot?

Angelucci and Han (2010), p. 2. Compliance programmes broadly refer to all of the management tools used to prevent and detect misconduct. Murphy (2011), pp. 14–15.

The UK: Guidance provided by the CMA: OFT (2011); France: Autorité de la Concurrence (2012a); The EU: European Commission (DG COMP) (2012).

Although in the 1980s and 1990s the Commission granted some fine reduction in export ban and abuse of dominance cases. E.g. National Panasonic, European Commission (1982), para 68; Napier Brown - British Sugar, European Commission (1988), para 86. However, British Sugar was later involved in a cartel, and its compliance programme was considered as an aggravating factor: European Commission (1998), para 208.

US Sentencing Guidelines Manual (2012) §8C2.5 Culpability Score, (f) Effective Compliance and Ethics Program.

US Sentencing Guidelines Manual (2012) §8A1.2 Narrow circumstances under which the involvement of senior executives does not rule out the possibility of being credited for an effective compliance programme. Chapter 8, (f)(3)(C)(i) and §11.

3 U.S. v. Barclays Plc, No. 3: 15-cr-00077-SRU, Plea agreement, available at http://www.justice.gov/file/440481/download; U.S. v. Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd, d/b/a KYB Corporation, Plea agreement available at http://www.justice.gov/atr/case-document/file/791911/download No information as to the actual content of the programme is given.

Anti-corruption legislation is defined at EU level by a framework decision of the Council. Council of the European Union (2003), art 5-6. Member States are free to implement measures in order to achieve the required goals set out in the decision.

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This section is an adapted version of a contribution to Lianos et al. (2014).

Empirical studies estimated a probability of detection of between 13 and 17 % of cartels that were eventually detected. See: 1. Bryant and Eckard (1991); Combe et al. (2008), 2. Wils also concludes that based on such a probability of getting caught, the deterrent level of the fine would be about 150 % of the annual turnover in the products affected by the infringement (Wils 2002).

Based on a game theoretical approach—and does not impact on ethics within companies.

See empirical studies by C. Marvao showing how repeat offenders reap larger benefits from leniency (Marvão 2015).

The ICC provides a whole range of practical solutions to implement an effective compliance programme, relevant not only to large companies, but also to those of a much smaller size with constrained resources. Also, for example, J. Murphy proposes an organisation of compliance to small companies for “a Dollar a Day” that meets the principles set out in the US Sentencing Guidelines and OECD Good Practice Guidance (Murphy 2012).

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Global Compliance News. (2014). Italy: Competition Compliance programs a mitigating factor for fines imposed by the Italian Antitrust Authority, 4 Nov 2016. Available from http://globalcompliancenews.com/italy-competition-compliance-20141104/. Accessed 10 April 2016.

Lianos, I., Jenny, F., Wagner von Papp, F., Motchenkova, E., David, E., Thépot, F., Massman, J., and Strader, M.J. (2014). Just and Optimal Financial Penalties for Infringement of Competition Law: A Comparative Analysis. Project Report. UCL Faculty of Laws, London.

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Titel: Can Compliance Programmes Contribute to Effective Antitrust Enforcement?
verfasst von: Florence Thépot
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Competition Law Compliance Programmes
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44632-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-44633-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44633-2_9

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