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Cluster Computing
Erschienen in: Cluster Computing 2/2024

07.06.2023

Cloning-based virtual machine pre-provisioning for resource-constrained edge cloud server

verfasst von: Jungwoong Sung, Seung-jae Han, Jin-woo Kim

Erschienen in: Cluster Computing | Ausgabe 2/2024

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Abstract

As the application complexity increases, it is desired to offload the computationally intensive tasks from the end devices to the cloud. In the cloud, virtual machines (VM) conduct the computations on behalf of the end devices. To reduce the processing delay of the offloaded tasks at the cloud, VMs may be created in advance by anticipating the arrival of offload requests, which is termed ‘VM pre-provisioning’. For certain types of applications, however, long delay or high cost for the communication between the end devices and the cloud is not acceptable, and edge computing is used as an alternative. Since the edge servers are typically equipped with far smaller resource capacity than the cloud servers, the conventional VM pre-provisioning becomes inefficient. In this paper, we focus on VM pre-provisioning for resource-constrained edge servers. The VMs to be pre-provisioned are carefully chosen to effectively utilize the limited resources of the edge servers. When there exist pre-provisioned VMs that match the offload requests, those VMs are cloned to serve the offload requests, which enables quick start of the VMs. Extensive evaluation shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes in the resource-constrained edge computing environment, particularly when the application diversity is high. For realistic evaluation, we collect a large-scale measurement trace of global users and use it in conjunction with the existing Google cluster trace.
Vorheriger Artikel CUDA-aware MPI implementation of Gibbs sampling for an IRT model
Nächster Artikel Network-assisted processing of advanced IoT applications: challenges and proof-of-concept application

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Fußnoten
1
In the ‘suspended’ state, the system resources (CPU and memory) for the VM are freed and the memory context of the VM is saved in the storage. To resume the suspended VM, the saved context is copied from the storage to the memory, which takes relatively long time. If a VM is put into the ‘paused’ state, the CPU resource is freed but the memory is not freed, so that the VM resume can be done more quickly at the expense of large memory consumption.
 
2
More accurately, for each application-OS combination.
 
3
VM reusing would be possible if consecutive requests of the same application are generated and certain conditions are met (e.g., the amount of the resources allocated to the previous VM is sufficient for the next request). VM reusing can eliminate the overhead of VM cloning as the existing cloned VMs are used again.
 
4
We may adopt multiclass classification. The number of classes for the best classification is dependent on the characteristics of the dataset. Sometimes, too fine classification may result in overfitting. In case of the Google trace, multiclass classification (e.g., three classes, \(a_{kj} = 0, 1\) and \(a_{kj} \ge 2\)) brings only a marginal gain as compared to the binary classification (i.e., two classes, \(a_{kj} = 0\) and \(a_{kj} \ge 1\)).
 
5
We may measure the reasonable difference between the requested amount of resource and its actual used amount, and use this information for more effective resource allocation in VM cloning. The techniques proposed in [27, 28] can be used for this purpose.
 
6
Light-weight VM solution, like KVM, is designed for “short-living tasks”. It supports stripped-down APIs and system calls, in order to make the VMs lighter. Such reduced internal features put restrictions on the type of workloads.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Cloning-based virtual machine pre-provisioning for resource-constrained edge cloud server
verfasst von
Jungwoong Sung
Seung-jae Han
Jin-woo Kim
Publikationsdatum
07.06.2023
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Cluster Computing / Ausgabe 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1386-7857
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7543
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04045-3

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