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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Co-precipitation of Impurity (Ti, Fe, Al, Zr, U, Th) Phases During the Recovery of (NH₄)₃ScF₆ from Strip Liquors by Anti-solvent Crystallization

verfasst von : Edward Michael Peters, Carsten Dittrich, Bengi Yagmurlu, Kerstin Forsberg

Erschienen in: Rare Metal Technology 2020

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Scandium can be extracted from waste streams of other industrial processes, particularly the bauxite residue and TiO₂ acid waste, by acidic leaching and solvent extraction of the leach solutions. Stripping of the organic phase using NH₄F solutions produces strip liquors containing Sc (>2000 mg/L). Scandium can be separated from these liquors by anti-solvent crystallization of (NH₄)₃ScF₆. In this study, the extent to which impurities co-precipitate as separate crystalline phases or are incorporated into the crystal lattice of (NH₄)₃ScF₆ was investigated. The impurity metals Fe, Zr, and U co-precipitated with the Sc phase. Moderate Ti precipitation was only observed from strip liquors containing mainly Fe and Ti impurities. Detection of these phases by powder XRD was difficult due to almost similar peak positions of the ammonium metal hexafluoride salts. However, EDS confirmed that the impurity metals were present in the precipitates in relative abundances that matched non-proportionally those of the initial strip liquors, except for Ti. SEM images showed that (NH₄)₃ScF₆ crystals obtained from strip liquors containing predominantly scandium were bigger (2–3 μm) compared to crystals of the mixed precipitate samples (<2 μm) obtained from strip liquors containing relatively high impurity levels. This could be attributed to surface diffusion impediment of one metal ion by other metal ions at the solid–liquid interface and surface incorporation of foreign metal ions on the growth steps or kinks of one solid phase, thereby reducing the crystal growth rate of that phase. The excess supersaturation is then consumed by crystal nucleation as observed.

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Titel: Co-precipitation of Impurity (Ti, Fe, Al, Zr, U, Th) Phases During the Recovery of (NH4)3ScF6 from Strip Liquors by Anti-solvent Crystallization
verfasst von: Edward Michael Peters
Carsten Dittrich
Bengi Yagmurlu
Kerstin Forsberg
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Rare Metal Technology 2020
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36757-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-36758-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36758-9_17

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