1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program and Procedures
3 Material
Property | Specific gravity (g/cc) | Viscosity @60 °C (poise) |
---|---|---|
Fresh asphalt | 1.017 | 3980 |
Reclaimed asphalt | – | 43,000 |
WCO | 0.917 | 0.125 |
WEO | 0.872 | 0.5 |
CR | 0.860 | 0.3715 |
Specific gravity type (g/cc) | Type of aggregate | Fresh aggregate | RAP |
---|---|---|---|
Bulk | Coarse | 2.503 | 2.425 |
Fine | 2.53 | 2.575 | |
Apparent | Coarse | 2.678 | – |
Fine | 2.575 | – |
Sieve size | RAP aggregates | Virgin aggregate | Combined | Specification |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. 3/4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
No. 1/2 | 15.0 | 72.22 | 85.83 | 76.00–92.00 |
No. 3/8 | 5.0 | 40.28 | 69.58 | 64.00–79.00 |
No. 4 | 0.0 | 12.50 | 50.00 | 41.00–56.00 |
No. 10 | 0.0 | 6.67 | 32.92 | 23.00–37.00 |
No. 40 | 0.0 | 4.44 | 18.33 | 7.00–20.00 |
No. 80 | 0.0 | 2.22 | 11.67 | 5.00–13.00 |
No. 200 | 0.0 | 0.50 | 6.50 | 3.00–8.00 |
4 Preparation and Evaluation of Specimens
4.1 Mixture Fabrication
Properties | Specification |
---|---|
Stability (kg) | 800 (minimum) |
Stability loss (%) | 20 (maximum) |
Void in mineral aggregate | 14 (minimum) |
Void filled with asphalt | 70–80 |
Air void (%) | 3.0–5.0 |
Flow (mm) | 2.0–4.0 |
4.2 Laboratory Evaluation
4.2.1 Indirect Tensile Strength
4.2.2 Resilient Modulus
4.2.3 Durability
5 Results
5.1 Graphical Analysis
5.1.1 Effect of RAP and Rejuvenator on ITS
5.1.2 Effect of RAP and Rejuvenator on MR
5.1.3 Effect of RAP and Rejuvenator on TSR
5.2 Numerical Analysis
5.2.1 Statistical Evaluation
Percentage of RAP | ITS | MR | TSR |
---|---|---|---|
Mixture type | 0.000 | 0.081 | 0.000 |
Percentage of RAP (mixture type) | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Percentage of Rejuvenator (mixture type) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
5.2.2 Ranking of EOM and COM
Percent of RAP | Mixture type | ITS (kPa) | Ranking | MR (MPa) | Ranking | TSR (%) | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | SM | 780 | 3 | 1765 | 3 | 82.73 | 8 |
CRM | 658 | 7 | 2054 | 1 | 92.67 | 4 | |
EOM-7 | 822 | 1 | 1726 | 4 | 96.17 | 1 | |
EOM-13 | 683 | 4 | 1629 | 5 | 96.00 | 2 | |
EOM-20 | 596 | 8 | 1398 | 7 | 89.83 | 6 | |
COM-13 | 805 | 2 | 2017 | 2 | 94.83 | 3 | |
COM-20 | 683 | 5 | 1566 | 6 | 92.38 | 5 | |
COM-27 | 659 | 6 | 1366 | 8 | 86.52 | 7 | |
40 | SM | 780 | 3 | 1765 | 4 | 82.73 | 6 |
CRM | 787 | 2 | 1998 | 3 | 91.67 | 3 | |
EOM-7 | 719 | 5 | 2231 | 1 | 96.83 | 1 | |
EOM-13 | 669 | 7 | 1591 | 6 | 96.17 | 2 | |
EOM-20 | 551 | 8 | 1476 | 7 | 90.33 | 4 | |
COM-13 | 848 | 1 | 2173 | 2 | 88.11 | 5 | |
COM-20 | 773 | 4 | 1627 | 5 | 82.13 | 7 | |
COM-27 | 710 | 6 | 1413 | 8 | 79.08 | 8 | |
50 | SM | 780 | 3 | 1765 | 4 | 82.73 | 4 |
CRM | 781 | 2 | 2198 | 2 | 81.33 | 6 | |
EOM-7 | 645 | 5 | 1762 | 5 | 91.00 | 2 | |
EOM-13 | 638 | 6 | 1733 | 6 | 91.00 | 1 | |
EOM-20 | 520 | 8 | 1555 | 7 | 82.67 | 5 | |
COM-13 | 792 | 1 | 2227 | 1 | 84.46 | 3 | |
COM-20 | 705 | 4 | 1833 | 3 | 78.94 | 7 | |
COM-27 | 574 | 7 | 1482 | 8 | 75.97 | 8 |
Percent of RAP | Mixture type | Summation of ranking | Overall ranking |
---|---|---|---|
30 | SM | 14 | 5 |
CRM | 12 | 4 | |
EOM-7 | 6 | 1 | |
EOM-13 | 11 | 3 | |
EOM-20 | 21 | 7–8 | |
COM-13 | 7 | 2 | |
COM-20 | 16 | 6 | |
COM-27 | 21 | 7–8 | |
40 | SM | 13 | 4 |
CRM | 8 | 2–3 | |
EOM-7 | 7 | 1 | |
EOM-13 | 15 | 5 | |
EOM-20 | 19 | 7 | |
COM-13 | 8 | 2–3 | |
COM-20 | 16 | 6 | |
COM-27 | 22 | 8 | |
50 | SM | 11 | 3 |
CRM | 10 | 2 | |
EOM-7 | 12 | 4 | |
EOM-13 | 13 | 5 | |
EOM-20 | 20 | 7 | |
COM-13 | 5 | 1 | |
COM-20 | 14 | 6 | |
COM-27 | 23 | 8 |