Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 9-10/2020

21.04.2020 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Controlling the sintering response in the development of multilayered components produced via powder injection molding route—a review

verfasst von: O. J. Ojo-kupoluyi, S. M. Tahir, T. T. Dele-Afolabi, M. S. Anuar

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology | Ausgabe 9-10/2020

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The development of multilayered components is essential to modern-day technological operations. Several routes to develop these components have emerged, but powder injection molding (PIM) has the benefits of simplicity, non-formation of a third layer, and near-net-shape production. However, PIM presents the challenges of shrinkage mismatch and formation of undesirable phases, which deteriorate the quality and integrity required in multilayered components. The sintering process has been identified as the key step in this route where defects originate; therefore, its parameters (temperature, time, rate, and atmosphere) must be carefully controlled and monitored. This review touches on various processing routes in developing multilayered components, cuts across the achievements made so far in the PIM route majorly in controlling the sintering response of layers, and then sets some guidelines and highlights possible gray areas for future research studies. Some measurement techniques deployed to evaluate shrinkage during sintering, and numerical simulation analyses of PIM processes are also described and analyzed. Thus far, only few mechanical properties have been successfully evaluated in the literature and are discussed in this article.
Vorheriger Artikel A review of the application of component-based software development in open CNC systems
Nächster Artikel Comparative evaluation of soybean oil–based MQL flow rates and emulsion flood cooling strategy in high-speed face milling of Inconel 718

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
1.
Moya JS, Lopez-Esteban S, Pecharromán C (2007) The challenge of ceramic/metal microcomposites and nanocomposites. Prog Mater Sci 52:1017–1090
2.
Rota A, Imgrund P, Petzoldt F (2004) Fine powders give micro producers the cutting edge. Met Powder Rep 59:14–17
3.
Imgrund P, Rota A, Hartwig T, Petzoldt F, Simchi A (2005) Adjustment of materials and sintering processes for MIM of bimaterial parts. Proceedings of Euro PM 2–5
4.
Lin D, Lee J, Park SJ (2016) Development of powder injection molding process for fabrication of glass component. Korean Powder Metall Soc 23:26–32
5.
Ruh A, Dieckmann AM, Heldele R, Piotter V, Ruprecht R, Munzinger C, Fleischer J, Haußelt J (2008) Production of two–material micro–assemblies by two–component powder injection molding and sinter–joining. Microsyst Technol 14:1805
6.
German RM, Heaney DF, Johnson JL (2005) Bi–material components using powder injection molding: densification, shape complexity, and performance attributes. Adv Powder Metall Part Mater 1:4
7.
Simchi A, Rota A, Imgrund P (2006) An investigation on the sintering behavior of 316L and 17–4PH stainless steel powders for graded composites. Mater Sci Eng A 424:282–289
8.
Stephenson DJ, McKeown PA (2000) Development in powder co–injection moulding. CIRP Ann 49:191–194
9.
Alcock JR, Logan PM, Stephenson DJ (1998) Surface engineering by co–injection moulding. Surf Coat Technol 105:65–71
10.
Emeka UB, Sulong A, Muhamad N, Sajuri Z, Salleh F (2017) Two component injection moulding of bi–material of stainless steel and yttria stabilized zirconia–green part. Jurnal Kejuruteraan 29:49–55
11.
Dourandish M, Simchi A (2009) Study the sintering behavior of nanocrystalline 3Y–TZP/430L stainless–steel composite layers for co–powder injection molding. J Mater Sci 44:1264–1274
12.
Baumann A, Moritz T, Lenk R (2009) Multi component powder injection moulding of metal–ceramic composites. Euro PM 2:55–58
13.
Ou H, Sahli M, Gelin JC, Barrière T (2014) Experimental analysis and finite element simulation of the co–sintering of bi–material components. Powder Technol 268:269–278
14.
Pascal C, Thomazic A, Antoni-Zdziobek A, Chaix JM (2012) Co–sintering and microstructural characterization of steel/cobalt base alloy bimaterials. J Mater Sci 47:1875–1886
15.
TCFE (2005) TCS steels/Fe–alloys database version 5.0 Thermo–Calc software AB, Stockholm, Sweden
16.
Johnson JL, Tan LK, Suri P, German RM (2003) Design guidelines for processing bi–material components via powder–injection molding. JOM 55:30–34
17.
Largiller G, Bouvard D, Carry CP, Gabriel A, Müller J, Staab T (2012) Deformation and cracking during sintering of bimaterial components processed from ceramic and metal powder mixes. Part I: experimental investigation. Mech Mater 53:123–131
18.
Desplanques B, Valdivieso F, Saunier S (2014) Influence of processing parameters on the behaviour of thick bilayers (Cer/Cer) performed by powder processing: dilatometry without contact. Ceram Int 40:15215–15225
19.
Green DJ, Cai PZ, Messing GL (1999) Residual stresses in alumina–zirconia laminates. J Eur Ceram Soc 19:2511–2517
20.
Domenichini B, Caillot T (2003) Sintering of Fe2NiO4 with an internal binder: a way to obtain a very dense material. Acta Mater 51:4815–4821
21.
Yoshida K, Mishina H, Sasaki S, Morita M, Mabuchi K (2004) Development of 3Y–PSZ/AISI 316L composites for joint prostheses. Mater Trans 45:3209–3215
22.
Condolf C, Gabriel A, Pisch A, Carry C (2006) Thermodynamic sintering and microstructure of nickel ferrite based material. In Adv Sci Technol Trans Tech Publications 45:45–54
23.
Pest A, Petzoldt F, Eifert H, Velti G, Hartwig T, German RM (1996) Composite parts by powder injection molding. Adv Powder Metall Part Mater 5:19
24.
Brandes EA, Smithells CJ (1983) Metals reference handbook
25.
Simchi A, Hartwig T, Petzoldt F (2005) An approach for assessment of sintering behaviour of coinjection moulded PIM feedstocks by dilatometric analysis. Proc EuroPM 2:357–362
26.
Thomazic A, Pascal C, Chaix JM (2010) Optimization of density, microstructure and interface region in a co–sintered (steel/cemented carbide) bi–layered material. Adv Sinter Sci Technol 209:343
27.
Pascal C, Chaix JM, Doré F, Allibert CH (2009) Design of multimaterial processed by powder metallurgy: processing of a (steel/cemented carbides) bilayer material. J Mater Process Technol 209:1254–1261
28.
Thomazic A, Pascal C, Chaix JM (2011) Interface reactivity and induced phenomena during sintering in a model steel/cemented carbide bimaterial. Adv Eng Mater 13:594–598
29.
Ojo-Kupoluyi OJ, Tahir SM, Hanim MA, Baharudin BT, Matori KA, Anuar MS (2017) Role of carbon addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cemented tungsten carbide and steel bilayer. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 92:3363–3371
30.
Senthilnathan N, Annamalai AR, Venkatachalam G (2017) Sintering of tungsten and tungsten heavy alloys of W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu: a review. Trans Indian Inst Metals 70:1161–1176
31.
Munoz MC, Gallego S, Beltrán JI, Cerdá J (2006) Adhesion at metal–ZrO2 interfaces. Surf Sci Rep 61:303–344
32.
Barriere TH, Liu B, Gelin JC (2003) Determination of the optimal process parameters in metal injection molding from experiments and numerical modeling. J Mater Process Technol 143:636–644
33.
Hao HQ, Wang YL, Jin ZH, Wang XT (1995) Joining of zirconia to zirconia using Ag–Cu–Ti filler metal. J Mater Process Technol 52:238–247
34.
Sciti D, Bellosi A, Esposito L (2001) Bonding of zirconia to super alloy with the active brazing technique. J Eur Ceram Soc 21:45–52
35.
Lei Z, Lixia Z, Xiaoyu T, Peng H, Jicai F (2011) Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of joining electroless nickel plated quartz fibers reinforced silica composite to Invar. Mater Des 32:382–387
36.
Chuang TH, Yeh MS, Chai YH (2000) Brazing of zirconia with AgCuTi and SnAgTi active filler metals. Metall Mater Trans A 31:1591–1597
37.
Okamoto T (1990) Interfacial structure of metal–ceramic joints. ISIJ Int 30:1033–1040
38.
Liu GW, Li W, Qiao GJ, Wang HJ, Yang JF, Lu TJ (2009) Microstructures and interfacial behavior of zirconia/stainless steel joint prepared by pressureless active brazing. J Alloys Compd 470:163–167
39.
Feng J, Dai X, Wang D, Li R, Cao J (2015) Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of ZrO2/TiAl joints vacuum brazed by Ag–Cu filler metal. Mater Sci Eng A 639:739–746
40.
Wang N, Wang DP, Yang ZW, Wang Y (2016) Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic and niobium joints vacuum brazed with two Ag–based active filler metals. Ceram Int 42:12815–12824
41.
Kraft W (1989) Joining ceramics, glass and metal. 20:A120–A120
42.
Akselsen OM (1992) Advances in brazing of ceramics. J Mater Sci 27:1989–2000
43.
Cai PZ, Green DJ, Messing GL (1997) Constrained densification of alumina/zirconia hybrid laminates, I: experimental observations of processing defects. J Am Ceram Soc 80:1929–1939
44.
Yeo JG, Jung YG, Choi SC (1998) Zirconia–stainless steel functionally graded material by tape casting. J Eur Ceram Soc 18:1281–1285
45.
Li J, Zhao K, Tang YF, Luo DF (2009) Fabrication of symmetrical type ZrO2/SUS316L functional gradient materials by tape casting [J]. Bull Chin Ceram Soc 3
46.
Wu Q, Luo Z, Deng Z, Wang Y, Fu Z (2018) Fabrication of diamond whiskers by powder injection molding. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 74:114–122
47.
Zhang GF, Zhang B, Deng ZH, Chen JF (2007) An experimental study on laser cutting mechanisms of polycrystalline diamond compacts. Ann CIRP 56:201–204
48.
Dourandish M, Godlinski D, Simchi A, Firouzdor V (2008) Sintering of biocompatible P/M Co–Cr–Mo alloy (F–75) for fabrication of porosity–graded composite structures. Mater Sci Eng A 472:338–346
49.
Imgrund P, Rota A, Hartwig T, Petzoldt F, Simchi A (2005) metal injection moulding: adjustment of materials and sintering processes for MIM of bi–material parts. In European congress and exhibition on powder metallurgy. European PM conference proceedings 2:315. The European Powder Metallurgy Association
50.
Thavanayagam G, Swan JE (2019) Optimizing hydride-dehydride Ti-6Al-4V feedstock composition of titanium powder injection moulding. Powder Technol 355:688–699
51.
German RM, Bose A (1997) Injection molding of metals and ceramics, metal powder industries federation. Princeton. 11-24
52.
Li Y, Li L, Khalil KA (2007) Effect of powder loading on metal injection molding stainless steels. J Mater Process Technol 183:432–439
53.
Loewenhoff T, Antusch S, Pintsuk G, Rieth M, Wirtz M (2019) High pulse number thermal shock testing of tungsten alloys produced by powder injection molding. Nucl Mater Energy 20:100680
54.
Dourandish M, Simchi A, Hartwig T (2008) Powder injection moulding: sintering of zirconia/430L stainless steel bilayers for co–powder injection moulding. In European congress and exhibition on powder metallurgy. European PM conference proceedings 2:299. The European powder metallurgy association
55.
Mulser M, Dutra GB, Rager, Petzoldt F (2010) Influence of a mismatch in shrinkage for two–component metal injection moulding (2C–MIM). In Proceedings of Powder Metallurgy 2010 World Congress 4:527–534
56.
Boonyongmaneerat Y, Schuh CA (2006) Contributions to the interfacial adhesion in co–sintered bilayers. Metall Mater Trans A 37:1435–1442
57.
German RM, Munir ZA (1976) Enhanced low–temperature sintering of tungsten. Metall Trans A 7:1873–1877
58.
Hwang NM, Park YJ, Kim DY, Yoon DY (2000) Activated sintering of nickel–doped tungsten: approach by grain boundary structural transition. Scr Mater 42:421–425
59.
Imgrund P, Rota A, Petzoldt F (2007) Manufacturing of multi-functional micro parts by two-component metal injection moulding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 33:176–186
60.
Imgrund P, Rota A, Simchi A (2008) Microinjection moulding of 316L/17–4PH and 316L/Fe powders for fabrication of magnetic–nonmagnetic bimetals. J Mater Process Technol 200:259–264
61.
Tonnes C (1992) Full density sintering of martensitic stainless steel with boron additions. Met Powder Rep 47:49
62.
Suri P, Heaney DF, German RM (2003) Defect–free sintering of two material powder injection molded components part II model. J Mater Sci 38:4875–4881
63.
Firouzdor V, Simchi A, Kokabi AH (2008) An investigation of the densification and microstructural evolution of M2/316L stepwise graded composite during co–sintering. J Mater Sci 43:55–63
64.
Schoenberg SC, Green DJ, Messing GL (2006) Effect of green density on the thermomechanical properties of a ceramic during sintering. J Am Ceram Soc 89:2448–2452
65.
Szewczyk-Nykiel A, Bogucki R (2018) Sinter–bonding of AISI 316L and 17–4 PH stainless steels. J Mater Eng Perform 27:5271–5279
66.
Guyard C, Allibert CH, Driole J, Raisson G (1981) Liquid phase sintering of prealloyed powders of co–base alloy. Sci Sinter 13:149–160
67.
Dourandish M, Simchi A, Tamjid Shabestary E, Hartwig T (2008) Pressureless sintering of 3Y-TZP/stainless-steel composite layers. J Am Ceram Soc 91:3493–3503
68.
Rajabi J, Sulong AB, Muhamad N, Raza MR (2015) Powder compaction of bimaterials: stainless steel 316L and nanocrystalline yttria stabilised zirconia. Mater Technol 30:313–320
69.
Gal CW, Han SS, Han JS, Lin D, Park SJ (2019) Investigation of stainless steel 316L/zirconia joint part fabricated by powder injection molding. Int J App Ceram Technol 16:315–323
70.
Supati R, Loh NH, Khor KA, Tor SB (2000) Mixing and characterization of feedstock for powder injection molding. Mater Lett 46:109–114
71.
Lemus-Ruiz J, Ceja-Cárdenas L, Bedolla-Becerril E (2011) Production, characterization, and mechanical evaluation of dissimilar metal/ceramic joints. In Nanocomposites with unique properties and applications in medicine and industry. In Tech
72.
Safarian A, Subaşi M, Karataş Ç (2017) The effect of sintering parameters on diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel in inserted metal injection molding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 89:2165–2173
73.
Koçak H, Subaşi M, Karataş Ç (2019) Sinter bonding of AISI 4340 and WC-Co using Ni interlayer by inserted powder injection molding. Ceram Int 45:22331–22335
74.
Li T, Li Q, Fuh JYH, Yu PC, Wu CC (2006) Effects of lower cobalt binder concentrations in sintering of tungsten carbide. Mater Sci Eng A 430:113–119
75.
Lassner E, Schubert WD (1999) Tungsten in hardmetals. In: Tungsten. Springer, Boston, pp 321–363
76.
Zhang J, Zhang G, Zhao S, Song X (2009) Binder–free WC bulk synthesized by spark plasma sintering. J Alloys Compd 479:427–431
77.
Shon IJ, Kim BR, Doh JM, Yoon YK, Woo KD (2010) Properties and rapid consolidation of ultra–hard tungsten carbide. J Alloys Compd 489:L4–L8
78.
Fernandes CM, Senos AMR, Vieira MT, Fernandes JV (2009) Composites from WC powders sputter–deposited with iron rich binders. Ceram Int 35:1617–1623
79.
Fernandes CM, Senos AMR, Vieira MT (2007) Control of eta carbide formation in tungsten carbide powders sputter–coated with (Fe/Ni/Cr). Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 25:310–317
80.
Trung TB, Zuhailawati H, Ahmad ZA, Ishihara KN (2014) Sintering characteristics and properties of WC–10AISI304 (stainless steel) hardmetals with added graphite. Mater Sci Eng A 605:210–214
81.
Fernandes CM, Vilhena LM, Pinho CMS, Oliveira FJ, Soares E, Sacramento J, Senos AMR (2014) Mechanical characterization of WC–10 wt% AISI 304 cemented carbides. Mater Sci Eng A 618:629–636
82.
Ojo-Kupoluyi OJ, Tahir SM, Baharudin BTHT, Azmah Hanim MA, Anuar MS (2017) Mechanical properties of WC–based hardmetals bonded with iron alloys–a review. Mater Sci Technol 33:507–517
83.
Hanyaloglu C, Aksakal B, Bolton JD (2001) Production and indentation analysis of WC/Fe–Mn as an alternative to cobalt–bonded hardmetals. Mater Charact 47:315–322
84.
Simchi A, Petzoldt F (2010) Cosintering of powder injection molding parts made from ultrafine WC–Co and 316L stainless steel powders for fabrication of novel composite structures. Metall Mater Trans A 41:233
85.
Kang TG, Ahn S, Chung SH, Chung ST, Kwon YS, Park SJ, German RM (2012) 9-modeling and simulation of metal injection molding (MIM). Handbook of Metal Injection Molding 197–234
86.
Li YM, Lou J, Yue JL (2005) Analysis and evaluation of effects of processing steps on dimensional tolerance of PIM parts. J Cent S Univ Technol 12:33–38
87.
He H, Li Y, Lou J, Li D, Liu C (2016) Prediction of density variation in powder injection moulding-filling process by using granular modeling with interstitial power-law fluid. Powder Technol 291:52–59
88.
Sahli M, Lebied A, Gelin J-C, Barriere T, Necib B (2015) Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of solid-state sintering response of 316 L stainless steel micro-parts manufactured by metal injection molding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 79:2079–2092
89.
Song J, Barriere T, Liu B, Gelin JC, Michel G (2010) Experimental and numerical analysis on sintering behaviours of injection moulded components in 316L stainless steel powder. Powder Metall 53:295–304
90.
Zheng ZS, Qu XH (2006) Numerical simulation of powder injection moulding filling process for intricate parts. Powder Metall 49:167–172
91.
Lou J, Li Y, He H, Li D, Wang G, Feng J, Liu C (2017) Interface development and numerical simulation of powder co-injection moulding. Part II Numerical simulation and experimental verification. Powder Technol 305:357–363
92.
Sun K, Mou S, Qui J, Wang T, Gao H (2018) Adaptive fuzzy control for nontriangular structural stochastic switched nonlinear systems with full state constraints. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 27:1587–1601
93.
Qiu J, Sun K, Rudas IJ, and Gao H (2019) Command filter-based adaptive NN control for MIMO nonlinear systems with full-state constraints and actuator hysteresis. IEEE transactions on cybernetics
94.
Qui J, Sun K, Wang T, Gao H (2019) Observer-based fuzzy adaptive event-triggered control for pure-feedback nonlinear systems prescribed performance. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 27:2152–2162
95.
Lucksanasombool P, Higgs WAJ, Higgs RJED, Swain MV (2003) Interfacial fracture toughness between bovine cortical bone and cements. Biomater 24:1159–1166
96.
Malzbender J, Steinbrech RW, Singheiser L (2003) Determination of the interfacial fracture energies of cathodes and glass ceramic sealants in a planar solid–oxide fuel cell design. J. Mater Res 18:929–934
97.
Slawik T, Günther A, Moritz T, Michaelis A (2016) Co–sintering behaviour of zirconia–ferritic steel composites. AIMS Mater Sci 3:1160–1176
98.
Dourandish M, Simchi A, Hokamoto K, Tanaka S (2011) Phase formation during sintering of nanocrystalline zirconia/stainless steel functionally graded composite layers. Mater Let 65:523–526
99.
Nakashima K, Matsumoto H, Mori K (2000) Effect of additional elements Ni and Cr on wetting characteristics of liquid Cu on zirconia ceramics. Acta Mater 48:4677–4681
100.
Yalamaç E, Culha O, Karataş A (2015) Mechanical properties of interface layers between cosintered alumina and spinel compacts. Adv App Ceram 114:18–27
101.
Jonsén P, Häggblad HÅ, Sommer K (2007) Tensile strength and fracture energy of pressed metal powder by diametral compression test. Powder Technol 176:148–155
Metadaten
Titel
Controlling the sintering response in the development of multilayered components produced via powder injection molding route—a review
verfasst von
O. J. Ojo-kupoluyi
S. M. Tahir
T. T. Dele-Afolabi
M. S. Anuar
Publikationsdatum
21.04.2020
Verlag
Springer London
Erschienen in
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology / Ausgabe 9-10/2020
Print ISSN: 0268-3768
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-3015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05318-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9-10/2020

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 9-10/2020 Zur Ausgabe

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Submerged micro grinding: a metalworking fluid application study

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Automatic minimal partitioning method guaranteeing machining efficiency of free-form surfaces using a toroidal tool

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Study on pipeline self-excited vibration using transient fluid-structure coupling method

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Bearing fault diagnostics using EEMD processing and convolutional neural network methods

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Additive manufacturing cost estimation models—a classification review

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A tool path generation method based on smooth machine rotary angle and tilt angle in five-axis surface machining with torus cutters

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise