14. Convective Heat Transfer of Metal Oxide-Based Nanofluids in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Nanofluid is a solid–liquid mixture in which metallic or nonmetallic nanoparticles are suspended in the base fluid. The convective heat transfer performance for CuO- and TiO₂-based nanofluids was measured flowing in the tube side in shell and tube heat exchanger. The effect of CuO and TiO₂ nanoparticles on the overall heat transfer coefficient of base fluid like distilled water was studied. Nanofluids showed an enhancement in the overall heat transfer coefficient. The investigation of thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient enhancement was analyzed with different concentration of nanoparticles, base fluids, sonication time, and temperature of fluids. The nanoparticles concentration was 0.01–0.06 vol% used in base fluids. The heat transfer performance was studied for different Peclet number and temperature of nanofluids. An increment in the heat transfer performance was found for the nanofluids, by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, flow rate and temperature of nanofluid.