Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing 4/2022

26.11.2021 | Original Article

Cuteness mediates the effect of happy facial expressions on empathy and charitable donations

verfasst von: Hyunkyu Jang

Erschienen in: International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing | Ausgabe 4/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Prior research has separately examined the influences of facial expressions (e.g., happy versus sad facial expressions) and facial appearance (e.g., cuteness and attractiveness) on empathy and donations. It has not been clear whether and how happiness and cuteness interact in influencing empathy and donations. Through four experiments where photographs of needy children with happy and sad facial expressions are used, the current research demonstrates that cuteness mediates the impact of happiness on empathy and donations. Specifically, happy expressions lead to greater perceived cuteness and in turn the greater cuteness leads to greater empathy and charitable donations. In other words, the current research shows the serial mediation of cuteness and empathy in the relationship between happiness and donations.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Written permission was obtained to use the photographs in Baberini et al. (2015).
 
2
The license for using the thirty photographs was purchased at Shutter Stock (www.​shutterstock.​com).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Ashar, Y. K., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Yarkoni, T., Sills, J., Halifax, J., Dimidjian, S., & Wager, T. D. (2016). Effects of compassion meditation on a psychological model of charitable donation. Emotion, 16(5), 691.CrossRef Ashar, Y. K., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Yarkoni, T., Sills, J., Halifax, J., Dimidjian, S., & Wager, T. D. (2016). Effects of compassion meditation on a psychological model of charitable donation. Emotion, 16(5), 691.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ashar, Y. K., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Dimidjian, S., & Wager, T. D. (2017). Empathic care and distress: Predictive brain markers and dissociable brain systems. Neuron, 94(6), 1263–1273.CrossRef Ashar, Y. K., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Dimidjian, S., & Wager, T. D. (2017). Empathic care and distress: Predictive brain markers and dissociable brain systems. Neuron, 94(6), 1263–1273.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baberini, M., Coleman, C.-L., Slovic, P., & Västfjäll, D. (2015). Examining the effects of photographic attributes on sympathy, emotions, and donation behavior. Visual Communication Quarterly, 22(2), 118–128.CrossRef Baberini, M., Coleman, C.-L., Slovic, P., & Västfjäll, D. (2015). Examining the effects of photographic attributes on sympathy, emotions, and donation behavior. Visual Communication Quarterly, 22(2), 118–128.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batson, C. D., O’Quin, K., Fultz, J., Vanderplas, M., & Isen, A. M. (1983). Influence of self-reported distress and empathy on egoistic versus altruistic motivation to help. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 706.CrossRef Batson, C. D., O’Quin, K., Fultz, J., Vanderplas, M., & Isen, A. M. (1983). Influence of self-reported distress and empathy on egoistic versus altruistic motivation to help. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 706.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55(1), 19–39.CrossRef Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55(1), 19–39.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J. G., Powell, A. L., McMaster, M. R., & Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(1), 52.CrossRef Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J. G., Powell, A. L., McMaster, M. R., & Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(1), 52.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bekkers, R. (2006). Traditional and health-related philanthropy: The role of resources and personality. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(4), 349–366.CrossRef Bekkers, R. (2006). Traditional and health-related philanthropy: The role of resources and personality. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(4), 349–366.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burt, C. D., & Strongman, K. (2005). Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8), 571–580. Burt, C. D., & Strongman, K. (2005). Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8), 571–580.
Zurück zum Zitat Cao, X., & Jia, L. (2017). The effects of the facial expression of beneficiaries in charity appeals and psychological involvement on donation intentions. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 27(4), 457–473.CrossRef Cao, X., & Jia, L. (2017). The effects of the facial expression of beneficiaries in charity appeals and psychological involvement on donation intentions. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 27(4), 457–473.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chin, S. F., Wade, T. J., & French, K. (2006). Race and facial attractiveness: Individual differences in perceived adoptability of children. Journal of Cultural and Evolutionary Psychology, 4(3–4), 215–229.CrossRef Chin, S. F., Wade, T. J., & French, K. (2006). Race and facial attractiveness: Individual differences in perceived adoptability of children. Journal of Cultural and Evolutionary Psychology, 4(3–4), 215–229.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., & McDavis, K. (1978). Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 752.CrossRef Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., & McDavis, K. (1978). Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 752.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cryder, C., Botti, S., & Simonyan, Y. (2017). The charity beauty premium: Satisfying donors’“want” versus “should” desires. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(4), 605–618.CrossRef Cryder, C., Botti, S., & Simonyan, Y. (2017). The charity beauty premium: Satisfying donors’“want” versus “should” desires. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(4), 605–618.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dyck, E. J., & Coldevin, G. (1992). Using positive vs. negative photographs for third-world fund raising. Journalism Quarterly, 69(3), 572–579.CrossRef Dyck, E. J., & Coldevin, G. (1992). Using positive vs. negative photographs for third-world fund raising. Journalism Quarterly, 69(3), 572–579.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, R. J., & Ma, Y. (2014). The price of being beautiful: Negative effects of attractiveness on empathy for children in need. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 436–450.CrossRef Fisher, R. J., & Ma, Y. (2014). The price of being beautiful: Negative effects of attractiveness on empathy for children in need. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 436–450.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fultz, J., Batson, C. D., Fortenbach, V. A., McCarthy, P. M., & Varney, L. L. (1986). Social evaluation and the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 761.CrossRef Fultz, J., Batson, C. D., Fortenbach, V. A., McCarthy, P. M., & Varney, L. L. (1986). Social evaluation and the empathy–altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 761.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Glocker, M. L., Langleben, D. D., Ruparel, K., Loughead, J. W., Gur, R. C., & Sachser, N. (2009). Baby schema in infant faces induces cuteness perception and motivation for caretaking in adults. Ethology, 115(3), 257–263.CrossRef Glocker, M. L., Langleben, D. D., Ruparel, K., Loughead, J. W., Gur, R. C., & Sachser, N. (2009). Baby schema in infant faces induces cuteness perception and motivation for caretaking in adults. Ethology, 115(3), 257–263.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Golle, J., Probst, F., Mast, F. W., & Lobmaier, J. S. (2015). Preference for cute infants does not depend on their ethnicity or species: Evidence from hypothetical adoption and donation paradigms. PLoS One, 10(4), e0121554.CrossRef Golle, J., Probst, F., Mast, F. W., & Lobmaier, J. S. (2015). Preference for cute infants does not depend on their ethnicity or species: Evidence from hypothetical adoption and donation paradigms. PLoS One, 10(4), e0121554.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications. Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Hildebrandt, K. A. (1983). Effect of facial expression variations on ratings of infants’ physical attractiveness. Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 414.CrossRef Hildebrandt, K. A. (1983). Effect of facial expression variations on ratings of infants’ physical attractiveness. Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 414.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jang, H. (2021). The effect of children’s facial expressions in eliciting benevolent behavior for child sponsorships versus one-time donations. Journal of Social Marketing, . Jang, H. (2021). The effect of children’s facial expressions in eliciting benevolent behavior for child sponsorships versus one-time donations. Journal of Social Marketing, .
Zurück zum Zitat Keating, C. F., Randall, D. W., Kendrick, T., & Gutshall, K. A. (2003). Do babyfaced adults receive more help? The (cross-cultural) case of the lost resume. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(2), 89–109.CrossRef Keating, C. F., Randall, D. W., Kendrick, T., & Gutshall, K. A. (2003). Do babyfaced adults receive more help? The (cross-cultural) case of the lost resume. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(2), 89–109.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Keltner, D., & Bonanno, G. A. (1997). A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(4), 687.CrossRef Keltner, D., & Bonanno, G. A. (1997). A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(4), 687.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, S., Winterich, K. P., & Ross, W. T. (2014). I’m moral, but I won’t help you: The distinct roles of empathy and justice in donations. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 678–696.CrossRef Lee, S., Winterich, K. P., & Ross, W. T. (2014). I’m moral, but I won’t help you: The distinct roles of empathy and justice in donations. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 678–696.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lishner, D. A., Oceja, L. V., Stocks, E. L., & Zaspel, K. (2008). The effect of infant-like characteristics on empathic concern for adults in need. Motivation and Emotion, 32(4), 270–277.CrossRef Lishner, D. A., Oceja, L. V., Stocks, E. L., & Zaspel, K. (2008). The effect of infant-like characteristics on empathic concern for adults in need. Motivation and Emotion, 32(4), 270–277.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenz, K. (1943). Die angeborenen formen möglicher erfahrung. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 5(2), 235–409.CrossRef Lorenz, K. (1943). Die angeborenen formen möglicher erfahrung. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 5(2), 235–409.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mehu, M., Little, A. C., & Dunbar, R. I. (2007). Duchenne smiles and the perception of generosity and sociability in faces. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 5(1), 183–196.CrossRef Mehu, M., Little, A. C., & Dunbar, R. I. (2007). Duchenne smiles and the perception of generosity and sociability in faces. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 5(1), 183–196.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mueser, K. T., Grau, B. W., Sussman, S., & Rosen, A. J. (1984). You’re only as pretty as you feel: Facial expression as a determinant of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 469.CrossRef Mueser, K. T., Grau, B. W., Sussman, S., & Rosen, A. J. (1984). You’re only as pretty as you feel: Facial expression as a determinant of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 469.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat O’Doherty, J., Winston, J., Critchley, H., Perrett, D., Burt, D. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2003). Beauty in a smile: The role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, 41(2), 147–155.CrossRef O’Doherty, J., Winston, J., Critchley, H., Perrett, D., Burt, D. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2003). Beauty in a smile: The role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, 41(2), 147–155.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Otta, E., Abrosio, F. F. E., & Hoshino, R. L. (1996). Reading a smiling face: Messages conveyed by various forms of smiling. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3_suppl), 1111–1121. Otta, E., Abrosio, F. F. E., & Hoshino, R. L. (1996). Reading a smiling face: Messages conveyed by various forms of smiling. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3_suppl), 1111–1121.
Zurück zum Zitat Power, T. G., Hildebrandt, K. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1982). Adults’ responses to infants varying in facial expression and perceived attractiveness. Infant Behavior and Development, 5(1), 33–44.CrossRef Power, T. G., Hildebrandt, K. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1982). Adults’ responses to infants varying in facial expression and perceived attractiveness. Infant Behavior and Development, 5(1), 33–44.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reis, H. T., Wilson, I. M., Monestere, C., Bernstein, S., Clark, K., Seidl, E., Franco, M., Gioioso, E., Freeman, L., & Radoane, K. (1990). What is smiling is beautiful and good. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(3), 259–267.CrossRef Reis, H. T., Wilson, I. M., Monestere, C., Bernstein, S., Clark, K., Seidl, E., Franco, M., Gioioso, E., Freeman, L., & Radoane, K. (1990). What is smiling is beautiful and good. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(3), 259–267.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Small, D. A., & Verrochi, N. M. (2009). The face of need: Facial emotion expression on charity advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(6), 777–787.CrossRef Small, D. A., & Verrochi, N. M. (2009). The face of need: Facial emotion expression on charity advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(6), 777–787.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Toi, M., & Batson, C. D. (1982). More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(2), 281.CrossRef Toi, M., & Batson, C. D. (1982). More evidence that empathy is a source of altruistic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(2), 281.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Volk, A. A., Lukjanczuk, J. M., & Quinsey, V. L. (2005). Influence of infant and child facial cues of low body weight on adults’ ratings of adoption preference, cuteness, and health. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of The World Association for Infant Mental Health, 26(5), 459–469.CrossRef Volk, A. A., Lukjanczuk, J. M., & Quinsey, V. L. (2005). Influence of infant and child facial cues of low body weight on adults’ ratings of adoption preference, cuteness, and health. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of The World Association for Infant Mental Health, 26(5), 459–469.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Cuteness mediates the effect of happy facial expressions on empathy and charitable donations
verfasst von
Hyunkyu Jang
Publikationsdatum
26.11.2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 1865-1984
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-1992
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-021-00322-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2022

International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing 4/2022 Zur Ausgabe