Decimal to excess-3, BCD, and gray code converters with a novel 4-inputs block in QCA

It's crystal clear that presenting a new structure with the aim of decreasing the size of circuits is really vital. So, this paper presents a novel 4-input gate that can give AND, OR, NAND, NOR, and inverter gates with just one structure. The proposed gate utilizes fewer cells to decrease the complexity and of course, the size of circuits. Three different converters including decimal to excess-3, decimal to BCD, and decimal to gray is presented because converters play a crucial role in the electronic world. In the suggested designs the novel 4-input gate is utilized to optimize circuits as much as possible. The utilization of the QCADesigner simulation tool showcases the superiority of the suggested arrangement when compared to previous designs. This assessment is based on evaluating the number of cells utilized, the space occupied, and the latency as key design metrics. For instance, the proposed decimal to BCD converter exhibits a reduction of 22.22% in occupied space and a significant decrease of 7.24% in the number of cells compared to the most similar and newest counterpart scalable designs. Due to the proposed novel gate's advantageous performance across multiple measurement parameters, it can be effectively utilized in larger and more complex circuits.