Digital Transformation and New Challenges

The article offers the possibility to develop project management and reengineering of business processes due to the inclusion of Design Thinking techniques. The stages of process modeling invariant to the project context are highlighted. The comparison of traditional and proposed approaches is carried out. The uncertainty of the modern world and constantly changing conditions require the project team to be able to study business processes and the person in the business process directly in context. Design Thinking will remove or at least mitigate the uncertainty associated with the definition and understanding of the variability of the content of the project, will reveal the bottlenecks of business processes, will reveal the user's pain. Using an integrated approach involves the development of templates of a specific project artifact using Design Thinking techniques for projects of a specific type at a specific stage of the project life cycle. Descriptions of the proposed methods are given Guerrilla Ethnography, Video Ethnography, Customer Journey Map and Service Blueprint, Matrix of positive and negative experience, HMW, Current-Future-Barriers, The World Café. The design-based thinking approach is more flexible than the traditional linear step-by-step design process, helping to more actively identify and understand knowledge about potential and current problems, as well as their possible solutions. In addition, Design Thinking forms the project consciousness of the group. At the same time, the focus of creativity shifts to identifying the real needs of users and quickly launching a prototype to test the idea of changes embodied in the reengineering project.

The clusters represent a powerful mechanism of economic development of regions and often even of entire nations. From the theoretical point of view the clusters represent an organizational model which advantages can be demonstrated by the use of transactional approach. The paper presents an ontological modeling tool that may serve as a visual editor for the DEMO methodology (which actually present a strong deficiency) and simulator of business processes modelling in clusters. The whole design process is described in the article, from converting the DEMO models into EMF classes to transformation of the model into Petri Net and simulation.

In the modern world, to ensure their competitiveness, organizations are forced to continuously improve their activities, especially through the implementation of innovative technological products and services. This paper presents an approach to assessing the innovation management process of a manufacturing company. It also formulates the areas for improving this process on the example of medium production enterprises in Russia. The TIPA process evaluation method is used as the basis of this approach. In analyzing and formulating recommendations for improving the process, the reference models, methods and frameworks are used: COBIT 2019, PCF APQC, Capability-Based Planning and TOGAF Standard, Agile—Stage-Gate method. Based on the experience of conducting this assessment at 3 Russian manufacturing enterprises, recommendations are formulated on the application of this approach. The main directions of improving the process of technological innovation management are also identified.

In this work, the problem of analyzing the effectiveness of the university's supporting business process on the example of the process of preparing and issuing orders and instructions formalizing the organizational status of students at the university was solved. This business process is quite critical for the university because of its high complexity and significant legal risks that arise if the process is performed with errors. To analyze business processes, we used the Process Mining methodology and ProM software. As the initial data, we used the event log of the automated university management system for 5 years, containing 195,928 events for 9366 students. As a result of the analysis, failures and errors in the business process under study were identified, which concerned both failures in its implementation (repetitions, errors) and the organization of the provision of educational services (a high proportion of students whose learning path differs from the most rational one). Suggestions for improving the work were formulated. The results of the work testify to the high efficiency of the application of Process Mining methods to the improvement of university’s supporting business processes.

The paper analyzes the problem of expressing tacit knowledge by participants in social processes interacting through ICT. This unsolved problem prevents organizing the human–machine interaction, which with due completeness and efficiency would take into account the vast social experience of people. The research question is how we can extract individual tacit knowledge and so formalize it? Answered this question, we could process information with ICT more meaningfully especially when humans need to team working. To solve the problem of expressing tacit knowledge by participants in social processes, we propose that any human within ICT would express his tacit knowledge by means of natural language. In this way, we preserve its essential role in social communication. However, the tacit knowledge should assume not the traditional form of a text stream, but structural view obtained by using special visual linking mechanism (VLM) associating natural language utterances. The paper examines the foundations of the introduction and structure of the VLM. How a person can apply the mechanism is explained through an example of the expression of tacit knowledge, functioning as part of human common ideas.

This paper considers scientific and applied aspects of algorithmic and software design for cyber-physical systems (CPS) of buildings. A CPS of a building is a basic element of IT architecture within SmartCity approach. It represents a set of devices, which control life support systems integrated into a premise, means of communication, and the computing resources necessary for user services. In a building’s CPS, all equipment and subsystems are combined into a single ecosystem to improve comfort and security, as well as reduce operating costs and resource savings. The paper investigates requirements for building’s CPS software. The groups of design patterns are presented, which in practice significantly reduce the time for programming and configuring the building’s CPS elements and increase interoperability of developed information applications. CPS algorithms are considered in context of Internet of Things.

The research considers the problem of business and IT languages difference while innovations implementation. That is why business and IT alignment plays a key role in digital transformation, brought value to organization’s stakeholders. The paper deals with value modeling approach for network enterprise as a platform, which allows to create value for network enterprise. The paper is built in according to Design Science method. The most famous approaches to integration of different business models are considered in the paper. The developed approach is based on integration of Value Proposition Canvas and Value Delivery Modeling Language (VDML) and afterwards transforming them into the modeling language of the enterprise architecture ArchiMate. The approach allows to connect business strategy and value creation process in terms of Enterprise Architecture. Moreover, the approach was applied in real estate sales company as an owner of digital platform. Transformation to the network enterprise allows to create new services, which will bring value both for its clients and partners.

In this article we consider a method of forming an information project portfolio for developing infrastructure of an E-Government in a megapolis. The method is based on using mathematical programming aimed at working out an optimal plan in the conditions of limited resources, high-level uncertainty of the input data. A mathematical putting of a multi-criteria problem of optimization is introduced, recommendations of using are made clear. Testing their functionality and verification is carried out with example of developing the information infrastructure in St. Petersburg.

The architectural approach allows you to achieve the reuse of knowledge in the development of a digital platform through the use of modelling patterns, which is especially important in the conditions of digital platforms spread and the enterprises’ needs in obtaining the competitive advantages that digital platforms provide to their owners. This article deals with questions of multi-level conceptual models formation, considering the subject area of the organization, which are further used as a conceptual basis for designing a digital platform. The possibility of using three levels of modelling abstraction including meta-metamodel, metamodel, and directly the enterprise architecture model of a digital platform, is considered in detail. Demonstrated practical experience of applying modelling patterns for a large service company digital platform development, which provides services to transport companies, suppliers of sensors and equipment, as well as delivery customers.

National digital strategies contain measures to facilitate development of data-intensive businesses and protection of citizen-related data and thus build digital economy. The question remains, to which extend should such strategies be national (thus isolative), rather than be realized a collaboration between countries? This paper provides a comparative analysis of national digital strategies and reflects if there is a rationale for cooperation whilst developing a digital economy.

There is no doubt that the digitalization of the labour activity, along with its positive influence has a negative impact on employees. Nevertheless, the issues of assessing the impact of these processes on employees’ well-being have not yet received sufficient attention in HRM research and practice. The relationship between the digital transformation of the labour, as well as HRM practices and employees’ well-being is examined in the paper. The research methodology involves the analysis of data obtained by means of literature review, sociological surveys, narrative and descriptive analysis. The results of our study identify the problematic issues resulting from expanding the practice of applying digital technologies in HRM system, proving the negative impact of digitalization processes on employee well-being (along with positive effects), and, therefore, the need to develop management solutions aimed at preserving well-being in the workplace.

The article deals with the identification and systematization of population’ adaptation methods to rapid economic and social changes caused by digitalization, and their sociocultural consequences. The aim of the study was to summarize the available theoretical and practical information. The information sources were scientific publications, as well as the sociological studies results made by the most respected public opinion research companies in the country and statistical information. The theoretical basis of the article is the Thomas Friedman’s idea about the fundamental changes taking place in the world. These changes can have different consequences in different countries due to the sociocultural behavioral characteristics. In the available publications about the population’ adaptation to current changes in Russia, such consequences are studied without a systematic approach, occasionally, so there is a need to summarize the information. The research methodology is a logical analysis of sources, the sociological studies results and statistical data. The author revealed such population adaptation methods as hoarding, sharing economy, insurance, birth rate reduction, the whole-life education, gig-economy, alcoholism or a healthy lifestyle, womenomics development and others. The author has systematized the revealed sociocultural consequences of the population’ adaptation to dynamic changes into two groups. The first group has positive significance, such as an increase in the share of leading a healthy lifestyle, female business development. The second has the negative ones: the demographic situation worsening, changes in the population’s lifestyle, its differentiation, the specific social diseases appearance, the mosaic nature of modern culture, an instant change in a person’s social status.

One of the most likely social risks associated with the development of the digital economy is the growing gender inequality in the labor sphere and in society as a whole. In the context of the digital transformation of social relations, various forms of inequality appear, change and continue to be broadcast: from physical to material and intellectual. The purpose of the article is to try to conceptualize the concept of digital gender inequality based on the study of the forms of its manifestation in a digital society. The methodology includes the use of the concepts of social inequality, the information society, digital capital, and the theory of gender inequality. The research methods were analysis of theoretical literature, an analysis of statistical data, analysis of accounts and the context of social networks. As a result of the study, the concept of the “digital gender inequality” is formulated and a conclusion about the widespread use of the form of gender digital inequality in modern labor, professional and personal interactions of people is drawn. In modern Russia a political and legal framework has been adopted to overcome both basic and modern factors of gender inequality and promote a gender balanced and gender sensitive digital economy. However in reality there is a gender gap in the equal opportunities of women of different ages, masculinization of the IT industry, disproportionate representation of women in senior political and managerial positions, inequality in wages and other forms remains. Partial impact through the implementation of certain measures to overcome this contradiction is impossible.

The purpose of the article was to increase understanding of the features of the activity of cross-functional teams of concurrent engineering and their role in the formation of the absorption ability of the company. In the course of this study, organizational, activity and functional approaches were used, as well as basic scientific methods—analysis, deduction and generalization. The article is devoted to concurrent engineering in cross-functional teams as an alternative to the traditional approach to the development of innovative products. The article analyses the essence and features of concurrent engineering in the context of cross-functional teams. The necessity of considering cross-functional teams from the point of view of the community determining identity, common interests in a team, its relative integrity is established. The importance of cross-functional teams in the development and development of the absorption ability of the company is shown. The article discusses the various coordination mechanisms operating in CFT. An analysis of the features of cross-functional teams allows us to determine that cross-functional teams are built on the principles of adhocracy. They have a significant impact on the develop the absorption ability of companies. However, they require a special management approach. The article presents directions for the further development of research, involving an empirical analysis of the influence of various coordination mechanisms on the knowledge sharing in an cross-functional team and the development of the company’s absorption ability. The results of the study will contribute to further studies of cross-functional teams and effective knowledge sharing.

The possible behaviour patterns of employees in various professional spheres in the situation of proposed changes in labour relations connected with robotics and the digital economy are analyzed in the issue. Employee behaviour is considered as the determining factor in the performance of the “lagged effect” due to which a reduction in labour demand does not automatically lead to a reduction in employment. Authors’ conclusions are based on the results of a sociological poll of 3000 respondents from various sectors of employment in the industrial region of Russia—the Sverdlovsk Region.The results of the research show that uncertainty and protest sentiments prevail among the community of professionals; paternalistic sentiments are strong enough; adaptation strategies—readiness for retraining and re-skilling—are among the outsiders. The sentiments of uncertainty are mostly represented among employees in the industry, social sector and government. Protest sentiments are mostly expressed among the business community. Students—potential participants of the labour market—feel more prepared for adaptation and retraining. The adaptational potential manifested itself slightly higher among the employed population—employees of medium and large business structures and authorities. Migration sentiments are poorly expressed, except for students and private entrepreneurs. The results show a weak level of awareness among the community of professionals about upcoming changes in the content of the digital employee labour. The authors emphasize the need to popularize the adaptation strategy in society as the adequate response of employees to the upcoming transformation of the labour market.

The current stage of development of society is characterized by the need for digitalization of the political, economic and social life, as one of the essential conditions for this development. Informatization of society is not enough to ensure the necessary pace of development. In this regard, society estimated the need for digitalization of development processes. The topic of digitalization concerns all spheres of human life, and its influence can especially be traced in the spheres affected by globalization, among which the labor sphere and the sphere of education which interest us. One of the indicators of globalization in these areas is labor and student migration. At the present time in Russia there is a trend of increasing numbers of foreign migrants. Globalization and digitalization are necessary, and are also able to accelerate the pace of socio-economic development of Russia. Due to the fact that the quantitative and qualitative needs of the labor market often remain unsatisfied, the flow of migrants is able to partially satisfy these needs. However, in the process of employment, migrants face various kinds of problems. The article reveals the content and essence of the basic concepts. In addition, the article discusses the problems and difficulties in finding employment in this field that are encountered by both labor and student migrants. The article contains the results of studies. The article describes the negative outcomes and consequences that lead to difficulties in finding jobs for migrants in Russia, as well as possible solutions of these problems through digitalization.

The article presents the results of a factor analysis of the current state and development prospects of the Russian labour market in the context of active processes of the economy digitalization. The purpose of this article is to identify the most important factors that ensure or limit the formation of effective relationships in the labour market that meet the requirements of digitalization at all levels of management. The research is based on an analysis of the works of foreign and domestic authors on the problems of digitalization of the labour market and the use of such methods as statistical, factorial, and logical analysis, monographic description, synthesis, comparison, and graphical representation of information. The analysis is carried out according to indicators both in Russia as a whole and in its particular regions. It is noted that, in the sphere of the labour market, problems arise in the formation of a flexible mechanism for building relations between employers, workers and the state, taking into account the interests of each subject of social and labour relations. The analysis showed that in spite of the opportunities of the digital economy, the Russian labour market is not actually ready for digitalization on a number of built-in organizational and socio-economic barriers caused by systemic imbalances of social and labour relations. Conclusions contain the main directions for adapting the labour market to digital platforms.

The main goal of the article is to study gender differences in employee job satisfaction in context of production processes digitalization. The article provides review of modern approaches to factors of job satisfaction, including gender. Particular attention is paid to studying the experience of personnel job satisfaction management of Russian large enterprises and to the results of a personnel survey taking into account gender differences in context of digitalization of a particular enterprise. The survey methodology can provide relevant information for making point-based management decisions in digitalization conditions. Based on the synthesis of theory and practice, the authors have developed a number of practical recommendations aimed at improving the staff job satisfaction management in a gender aspect with respect to digitalization. It is shown that the effectiveness of the job satisfaction management depends, in particular, on timely decision-making based on monitoring results and targeted approach to staff. The main problems in this regard are the blurring of gender differences, the underestimation by the company government of the job satisfaction level and neglect to the potential of the digital working conditions and the digital environment.

Entrepreneurship education is considered one of the prerequisites for shaping young entrepreneurs who can generate economic growth and create new jobs. The education system at all levels contributes to the formation of entrepreneurial competences. A special status attributes to universities whose curricula contribute to the motivation to set up a business and do business. Teaching methods e-designed to provide students with knowledge of entrepreneurship and develop entrepreneurial thinking and behavior that employers need in the Industry 4.0. The paper aims to analyze the entrepreneurship education with a focus on Russia and the Czech Republic and to define what digital literacy brings to entrepreneurship education. The methodology uses a bibliometric analysis of the databases of Web of Science and Scopus for the period 1990–2020 about the state-of-the-art in the field of entrepreneurship education at universities. The bibliographic data supplement research findings from secondary sources and five case studies. The later ones utilize data from unstructured interviews held in Russia and the Czech Republic about the job requirements applied to university students and graduates in the context of educational digitization and digital literacy. The challenges for university study programs and lifelong employability remain whether curricula will develop and implement in collaboration with the business, and teaching will use proactive and activating teaching methods.

These days, availability of digital technologies to a wide range of users forms modern interdisciplinary studies influencing the dynamics of society development. The paper substantiates the possibility of the Russian Federation to implement Digital projects. Digital transformations of the society often reveal the processes of social transformation, forcing science to constantly improve both technologies and software applied as electronic services. The phenomenon of digital transformation is specially noted in scientific studies and applied decisions in such area as Digital or Electronic Healthcare, a part of Digital Economy program or Smart City projects. The paper aims to identify the trends of the interdisciplinary research field “Social aspects of Digital Economy: design of telemedicine services” in the context of Russia. The article presents a comparative analysis of the publication dynamics in this field. The publications are part of Russian scientific discourse on the considered subject domains and trends. The research has been conducted based on the information arrays from various digital sources including scientific publications: eLibrary, a collection of Russian scientific publications, and the content of socio-political discourse (Integrum) over the past 10 years. A synthetic method, a unique scientific technique specially developed for the automated extraction and explication of contextual knowledge from an array of textual modality resources, is presented. The “Electronic Healthcare”, a priority project of St. Petersburg, its development and results are presented as a case study “Electronic service: Telemedicine consultation.”