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Erschienen in:
2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
6. Early Commercial Computers and the Invention of the Transistor
verfasst von : Gerard O’Regan
Erschienen in: A Brief History of Computing
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Abstract
This chapter considers a selection of computers developed during the 1950s, and it includes a selection of vacuum-tube-based computers as well as transistor computers. One of the drivers for the design and development of more powerful computers was the perceived threat of the Soviet Union. This led to an arms race between the two superpowers, and it was clear that computing technology would play an important role in developing sophisticated weapon and defense systems. The SAGE air defense system developed for the United States and Canada was an early example of the use of computer technology for the military. Early IBM computers such as the IBM 701 and 704 computers are discussed, and the chapter concludes with a discussion of the invention of the transistor by William Shockley and others at Bell Labs.