nach oben

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering

Erschienen in:

04.11.2022 | Research Article-Mechanical Engineering

Effect of Inner Reductant Addition and Laying on Carbothermic Reduction Process of Laterite Nickel Ore/Coal Composite Briquette

verfasst von: Fakhreza Abdul, Prita Meilyvia Devalini, Yuli Setiyorini, Vuri Ayu Setyowati, Sungging Pintowantoro

Erschienen in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering | Ausgabe 9/2023

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Strict environmental regulations have made on many industrial sectors to try and reduce CO₂ gas production, including the nickel and ferronickel manufacturing industries. One of the promising technologies in reducing CO₂ emissions is carbothermic reduction using a lower operating temperature than smelting process. This study aims to study the effects of adding and laying reductant (coal) on composite briquette. By using the same C/O molar ratio, this research tries to study the effects of inner and outer coal on the carbothermic reduction of laterite nickel ore. The carbothermal reduction process was carried out at 700 °C for 2 h and then followed by heating at 1400 °C for 6 h. Then, the ferronickel was separated from the impurities by magnetic separation. Several tests and calculations were carried out to assess process performance, such as energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, calculation of nickel recovery, calculation of selectivity factor, and calculation of separation efficiency. The result showed that inner and outer coal in the carbothermic reduction process of laterite nickel ore can affect the selectivity performance of nickel. The best nickel recovery (93%) was obtained when using 70% inner coal and 30% outer coal. On the other hand, the best nickel content (13.99%) was achieved when using 90% inner coal and 10% outer coal. The ferronickel product obtained from this process can be applied as a raw material in stainless steel making or further processed into nickel sulfate powder.

Vorheriger Artikel Decentralized Robust Control of Robotic Manipulator in Joint Space Based on Torque Feedbacks

Nächster Artikel Numerical Study on Fluid Flow Characterization of the Souring System in a Large-Sized Slurry Shield

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Sohn, H.Y.: Energy con energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in ironmaking and development of a novel flash technology. Metals 10(54), 1–22 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010054CrossRef

Zhang, X.; Jiao, K.; Zhang, J.; Guo, Z.: A review on low carbon emissions projects of steel industry in the world. J. Clean. Prod. 306(127259), 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127259CrossRef

Sommerfeld, M.; Friedrich, B.: Replacing fossil carbon in the production of ferroalloys with a focus on bio-based carbon: a review. Minerals 11(1286), 1–39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111286CrossRef

Guohua, Y.; Elshkaki, A.; Xiao, X.: Dynamic analysis of future nickel demand, supply, and associated materials, energy, water, and carbon emissions in China. Resour. Policy 74, 102432 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102432CrossRef

LME (London Metal Exchange), 2021, https://www.lme.com/Metals/Non-ferrous/LME-Nickel#Trading+day+summary. Accessed 20 Dec 2021

Pintowantoro, S.; Panggabean, P.C.; Setiyorini, Y.; et al.: Smelting and selective reduction of limonitic laterite ore in mini blast furnace. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-022-00348-8

Rechberger, K.; Spanlang, A.; Conde, A.S.; Wolfmeir, H.; Harris, C.: Green hydrogen-based direct reduction for low-carbon steelmaking. Steel Res. Int. 91(2000110), 1–10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000110CrossRef

Abdul, F.; Pintowantoro, S.; Purnamasari, A.: Direct reduction of nickel laterite limonitic ore using a coal-dolomite mixture bed and Na₂SO₄ as a selective agent. J. Chem. Technol. Metall. 55, 103–110 (2020)

Abdul, F.; Pintowantoro, S.; Hidayatullah, A.B.: Analysis of cylindrical briquette dimension on total iron content and the degree of metallization in direct reduction process of iron ore and iron sand mixture. Mater. Sci. Forum 964, 19–25 (2019). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.19CrossRef

10.

Abdul, F.; Pintowantoro, S.; Kawigraha, A.; Nursidiq, A.: Analysis of holding time variations to Ni and Fe content and morphology in nickel laterite limonitic reduction process by using coal-dolomite bed. AIP Conf. Proc. 1945, 020033 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5030255CrossRef

11.

Sun, N.; Wang, Z.; Guo, Z.; Zhang, G.; Qi, T.: Effects of temperature, CO content, and reduction time on the selective reduction of a limonitic laterite ore. Miner. Eng. 174(107277), 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107277CrossRef

12.

Guo, X.; Li, Z.; Wang, Z.; Sun, T.: Effect of co-reduction conditions of nickel laterite ore and red mud on ferronickel particle size characteristics and grindability of carbothermic reduction products. Minerals 12(3), 357 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/min12030357CrossRef

13.

Suharno, B.; Ilman, N.P.; Shofi, A.; Ferdian, D.; Nurjaman, F.: Study of low-grade nickel laterite processing using palm shell charcoal as reductant. Mater. Sci. Forum 1000, 436–446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1000.436CrossRef

14.

Widyartha, B.; Setiyorini, Y.; Abdul, F., et al.: Effective beneficiation of low content nickel ferrous laterite using fluxing agent through Na₂SO₄ selective reduction. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 51, 750–757 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/MAWE.202000007CrossRef

15.

Liu, S.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Yu, Z.; Wang, Z.; Yan, K.; Li, J.; Liu, X.: A robust recovery of Ni from laterite ore promoted by sodium thiosulfate through hydrogen-thermal reduction. Front. Chem. 9, 704012 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.704012CrossRef

16.

Xiao, J.; Xiong, W.; Zou, K.: Extraction of nickel from magnesia-nickel silicate ore. J. Sustain. Metall. 7(2), 642–652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/S40831-021-00364-0CrossRef

17.

Suharno, B.; Nurjaman, F.; Ramadini, C.; Shofi, A.: Additives in selective reduction of lateritic nickel ores: sodium sulfate sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride. Min. Metall. Explor. 38, 2145–2159 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00456-1CrossRef

18.

Jiang, X.; He, L.; Wang, L., et al.: Effects of reducing parameters on the size of ferronickel particles in the reduced laterite nickel ores. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 51, 2653–2662 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01961-2CrossRef

19.

Nurjaman, F.; Amely, I.; Astuti, W.; Suharno, B.: The effect of ternary basicity (CaO/(Al₂O₃+SiO₂)) on selective reduction of limonitic nickel ore. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2021.1949539CrossRef

20.

Qu, G.; Zhou, S.; Wang, H.; Li, B.; Wei, Y.: Production of ferronickel concentrate from low-grade nickel laterite ore by non-melting reduction magnetic separation process. Metals 9, 1340 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/met9121340CrossRef

21.

Dong, J.; Wei, Y.; Lu, C.; Zhou, S.; Li, B.; Ding, Z.; Wang, C.; Ma, B.: Influence of calcium chloride addition on coal-based reduction roasting of low-nickel garnierite ore. Mater. Trans. 58(8), 1161–1168 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2017086CrossRef

22.

Pintowantoro, S.; Pasha, R.A.M.; Abdul, F.: Gypsum utilization on selective reduction of limonitic laterite nickel. Results Eng. 12, 100296 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100296CrossRef

23.

Wills, B.A.; Finch, J.A.: Wills’ minerals processing technology-an introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery. In: Wills, B.A.; Finch, J.A. (Eds.) Chapter 1-Introduction, 8th edn, pp. 11–12. Elsevier, Oxford (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097053-0.00001-7

24.

Nokhrina, O.I.; Rozhihina, D.; Hodosov, I.E.: The use of coal in a solid phase reduction of iron oxide. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 91, 012045 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/91/1/012045CrossRef

25.

Dai, H.; Zhao, H.; Chen, S.; Jiang, B.: A microwave-assisted boudouard reaction: a highly effective reduction of the greenhouse gas CO₂ to useful CO feedstock with semi-coke. Molecules 26(6), 1507 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061507CrossRef

26.

Donskoi, E.; Olivares, R.I.; McElwain, D.L.S.; Wibberley, L.J.: Experimental study of coal based direct reduction in iron ore/coal composite pellets in a one layer bed under nonisothermal, asymmetric heating. Ironmak. Steelmak. 33(1), 24–28 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1166134CrossRef

27.

Jiang, X.; He, L.; Xiang, D.; An, H.; Shen, F.: Effects of reducing parameters on the size of ferronickel particles in the reduced laterite nickel ores. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 51, 2653–2662 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01961-2CrossRef

28.

Li, G.; Zhi, Q.; Rao, M.; Zhang, Y.; Cai, W.; Jiang, T.: Effect of basicity on sintering behavior of saprolitic nickel laterite in air. Powder Technol. 249, 212–219 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.08.018CrossRef

29.

Mills, K.C.; Yuan, L.; Jones, R.T.: Estimating the physical properties of slags. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 111(10), 649–658 (2011)

30.

Lv, X.; Lv, W.; Liu, M.; You, Z.; Lv, X.; Bai, C.: Effect of sodium sulfate on preparation of ferronickel from nickel laterite by carbothermal reduction. ISIJ Inter. 58(5), 799–807 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-611CrossRef

31.

Jiang, M.; Sun, T.; Liu, Z.; Kou, J.; Liu, N.; Zhang, S.: Mechanism of sodium sulfate in promoting selective reduction of nickel laterite ore during reduction roasting process. Int. J. Miner. Process. 123, 32–38 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.005CrossRef

32.

Rao, M.; Li, G.; Zhang, X.; Luo, J.; Peng, Z.; Jiang, T.: Reductive roasting of nickel laterite ore with sodium sulphate for Fe-Ni production. Part II: phase transformation and grain growth. Sep. Sci. Technol. 51(10), 1727–1735 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1166134CrossRef

33.

Zhang, J.; Gao, L.; He, Z.; Hou, X.; Zhan, W.; Pang, Q.: Separation and recovery of iron and nickel from low-grade laterite nickel ore by microwave carbothermic reduction roasting. J. Market. Res. 9(6), 12223–12235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.08.036CrossRef

34.

Tian, H.; Guo, Z.; Zhan, R., et al.: Upgrade of nickel and iron from low-grade nickel laterite by improving direct reduction-magnetic separation process. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-021-00646-7CrossRef

35.

Tian, H.; Guo, Z.; Zhan, R.; Pan, J.; Zhu, D.; Yang, C.; Pan, L.: Effective and economical treatment of low-grade nickel laterite by a duplex process of direct reduction-magnetic separation & rotary kiln-electric furnace and its industrial application. Powder Technol. 394, 120–132 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.043CrossRef

Titel: Effect of Inner Reductant Addition and Laying on Carbothermic Reduction Process of Laterite Nickel Ore/Coal Composite Briquette
verfasst von: Fakhreza Abdul
Prita Meilyvia Devalini
Yuli Setiyorini
Vuri Ayu Setyowati
Sungging Pintowantoro
Publikationsdatum: 04.11.2022
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering / Ausgabe 9/2023
Print ISSN: 2193-567X
Elektronische ISSN: 2191-4281
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07402-3

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2023

Entropy Optimization and Slant MHD Mixed Convection Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Within an Oblique Irregular Lid-Driven Enclosure Contains Baffles: Local Thermal Non-equilibrium Model

Effect of Control Factors on Wear Rate of the Ceramic Particulate Filled Metal Alloy Composites: A Comparative Analysis

The Experimental Assessment of Deformation and Springback Behavior for Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V

Transient Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of a Cylindrical Pin Fin Made by Functionally Graded Material Embedded in the Turbulent Flow

Dynamic Characterization of MR Fluid-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorber

Numerical Study on Fluid Flow Characterization of the Souring System in a Large-Sized Slurry Shield

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten