nach oben

Fire Technology

Erschienen in:

28.06.2023 | Short Communication

Electric Vehicles and the Burning Question: Reasons, Risks, Ramifications and Remedies—An Indian Perspective

verfasst von: V. Kethareswaran, Sanjay Moulik

Erschienen in: Fire Technology | Ausgabe 5/2023

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

A spate of high-profile battery fires is sabotaging India’s attempt to be one of the leaders in electric vehicles, especially in the 2-wheeler sector that employs the nation’s traffic-obstructed streets. The Electric Vehicle (EV) industry and its clients are battling the likely fallout, myths, and fake news. For what reason do EV batteries burst into flames?—the paper responds to this fundamental but pressing question by profoundly delving into several aspects, such as the EV battery working conditions, EV components quality, temperature and external entity effects. This review focuses on the reasons, risks, ramifications and remedies of EV fires from an Indian perspective. An account of the EV fires of 2022 in India has been taken as the focal point of discussion in the paper. Many misconceptions, such as extreme weather and poor thermal management, have been refuted with valid arguments and factual results.

Vorheriger Artikel A New Method for Quantifying Exit Usage

Nächster Artikel The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nalam, H.: India’s electrifying journey toward electric vehicle adoption. Tribol & Lubr Technol 78(5), 24–28 (2022)

Grauers A, Sarasini S, Karlström M (2013) Why electromobility and what is it? Systems Perspectives on Electromobility 2013 1(1), 10–21

Gambhir A (2017) Safety considerations for ev charging in India: Overview of global and Indian regulatory landscape with respect to electrical safety. In: 2017 IEEE transportation electrification conference (ITEC-India), pp. 1–5. IEEE, India

Sun, P., Bisschop, R., Niu, H., Huang, X.: A review of battery fires in electric vehicles. Fire Technol 56(4), 1361–1410 (2020)CrossRef

Vidhi, R., Shrivastava, P.: A review of electric vehicle lifecycle emissions and policy recommendations to increase EV penetration in India. Energies 11(3), 483 (2018)CrossRef

Singh A, Saxena A, Srivastava A, Bhandari AK, Sanjeevi H, Teja J, Ghate A, Chitkara A, Stranger C, Goldfield, E., et al. (2019) India’s electric mobility transformation. NITI AAYOG & ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE. https://rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/rmi-niti-ev-report.pdf

Juyal S, Sanjeevi H, Saxena A, Sharma S, Singh A, Chander S, Jhunjhunwala A (2018) Zero emission vehicles (ZEVs): Towards a policy framework - niti. NITI Aayog & World Energy Council.

Pawar S, Pawar A. Opportunities and challenges of electric vehicles in India. Sambodhi J 45(01), 20–27 (2022)

Vahan Sewa (2022) Dashboard. Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India . https://vahan.parivahan.gov.in/vahan4dashboard/

10.

Singh, K.V., Bansal, H.O., Singh, D.: A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components. J Mod Transp 27(2), 77–107 (2019)CrossRef

11.

Bisschop, R., Willstrand, O., Amon, F., Rosenggren, M.: Fire safety of lithium-ion batteries in road vehicles. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden (2019)

12.

Mellert, L.D., Welte, U., Tuchschmid, M., Held, M., Hermann, M., Kompatscher, M., Tesson, M., Nachef, L.: Risk minimisation of electric vehicle fires in underground traffic infrastructures. Schweizer Verband der Strassen-und Verkehrsfachleute (VSS) 1678(1), 1–102 (2020)

13.

Lecocq A, Bertana M, Truchot B, Marlair G (2012) Comparison of the fire consequences of an electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine vehicle. In: Conference proceedings of fires in vehicles, pp. 183–193. HAL Open Science, France

14.

Brzezinska, D., Bryant, P.: Performance-based analysis in evaluation of safety in car parks under electric vehicle fire conditions. Energies 15(2), 649 (2022)CrossRef

15.

Held, M., Tuchschmid, M., Zennegg, M., Figi, R., Schreiner, C., Mellert, L.D., Welte, U., Kompatscher, M., Hermann, M., Nachef, L.: Thermal runaway and fire of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery and contamination of infrastructure facility. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 165, 112474 (2022)CrossRef

16.

Cui, Y., Liu, J., Cong, B., Han, X., Yin, S.: Characterization and assessment of fire evolution process of electric vehicles placed in parallel. Process Saf Environ Prot 166, 524–534 (2022)CrossRef

17.

Wan T, Wang Y (2022) The hazards of electric car batteries and their recycling. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, vol. 1011, p. 012026. IOP Publishing

18.

Rahman, Z., Ehsani, M., Butler, K.: Effect of motor short circuit on ev and hev traction systems. Technical report, SAE Technical Paper (2000)

19.

Sun, Z., Han, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Liu, P., Qin, Z., Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., Song, C.: Detection of voltage fault in the battery system of electric vehicles using statistical analysis. Appl Energy 307, 118172 (2022)CrossRef

20.

Rodrigues, M.-T.F., Babu, G., Gullapalli, H., Kalaga, K., Sayed, F.N., Kato, K., Joyner, J., Ajayan, P.M.: A materials perspective on li-ion batteries at extreme temperatures. Nat Energy 2(8), 1–14 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.108CrossRef

21.

Yaqzan M, Rafat Y, Abdullah S, Alam MS (2018) Thermal management solutions of lithium-ion energy storage batteries for xev deployment in North India. In: ISGW 2017: compendium of technical papers: 3rd international conference and exhibition on smart grids and smart cities, pp. 179–191. Springer

22.

Arora S, Kapoor A, Shen W (2018) Application of robust design methodology to battery packs for electric vehicles: Identification of critical technical requirements for modular architecture. Batteries. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4030030CrossRef

23.

Ren, D., Feng, X., Lu, L., He, X., Ouyang, M.: Overcharge behaviors and failure mechanism of lithium-ion batteries under different test conditions. Appl Energy 250, 323–332 (2019)CrossRef

24.

Bharat E (2022) TN e-bike catches fire while charging: Man, daughter suffocate to death. https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/tamil-nadu/father-daughter-duo-dead-in-e-scooter-blast-in-tamil-nadu/na20220326142546369

25.

Kelshikar T (2022) Pune: Ola S1 Pro E-scooter catches fire; Govt. orders inquiry: Team-bhp. Team-BHP. https://www.team-bhp.com/news/pune-ola-s1-pro-electric-scooter-catches-fire

26.

Madhav P (2022) Electric scooter catches fire in Tamil Nadu’s Trichy, no injuries reported. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/electric-scooter-catches-fire-in-tamil-nadu-trichy-no-injuries-reported-1930879-2022-03-29

27.

Chaturvedi A (2022) Pure EV electric scooter catches fire in Chennai, 4th incident in 4 days. NDTV. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pureev-electric-scooter-catches-fire-in-chennai-4th-incident-in-4-days-2851807

28.

Desk HA (2022) Jitendra new EV Tech investigating cause of its electric scooters catching fire. HT Auto. https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/jitendra-new-ev-tech-investigating-cause-of-its-electric-scooters-catching-fire-41649827988587.html

29.

Mohile SS (2022) Okinawa autotech to recall 3,215 units of Praise Pro Scooter Model. Business Standard. https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/okinawa-autotech-to-recall-3-215-units-of-praise-pro-scooter-model-122041600428_1.html

30.

Desk BT (2022) E-bike catches fire at Okinawa showroom in Tamil Nadu, firm issues statement. Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.in/auto/story/e-bike-catches-fire-at-okinawa-showroom-in-tamil-nadu-firm-issues-statement-330259-2022-04-18

31.

James DA (2022) Okinawa I-praise plus electric scooter catches fire - owner escapes unhurt. Drivespark. https://www.drivespark.com/two-wheelers/2022/okinawa-i-praise-plus-electric-scooter-catches-fire-in-tamil-nadu-035913.html

32.

Mukherjee S (2022) EV fires in India: Benling Falcon Electric Scooter Battery explodes while charging in Telangana. 91mobiles. https://www.91mobiles.com/hub/ev-fires-india-benling-falcon-electric-scooter-battery-explodes-charging-telangana/

33.

Ahluwalia P (2022) Another pure EV Burns! Epluto 7G escooter catches fire in Hyderabad - Times of India. TOI. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/bikes/another-pure-ev-burns-epluto-7g-e-scooter-catches-fire-in-hyderabad/articleshow/91540921.cms

34.

Banerji S (2022) Ev fire: Hero Electric Scooter goes up in flames in Odisha, company says Short Circuit at plug socket caused the fire - et auto. ET Auto. https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/two-wheelers/scooters-mopeds/ev-fire-hero-electric-scooter-goes-up-in-flames-in-odisha-company-says-short-circuit-at-plug-socket-caused-the-fire/91796217

35.

Bureau ZM, Mehra P (2022) Ather Energy blames “rare” structural breach in electric scooter for EV fire in Chennai. Zee News. https://zeenews.india.com/electric-vehicles/ather-energy-blames-rare-structural-breach-in-electric-scooter-for-ev-fire-in-chennai-2468396.html

36.

Circles L (2022) 700% increase in consumers avoiding electric scooters for now. LocalCircles. https://www.localcircles.com/a/press/page/electric-scooters-consumer-survey

37.

Majumder A, Saha D (2022) Battery defects, insufficient testing caused EV fires: DRDO report. Business Standard . https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/battery-defects-insufficient-testing-caused-ev-fires-drdo-report-122052200709_1.html

38.

Online E (2022) Ev recalls begin: Ola, Okinawa and pure take back over 7,000 electric two-wheelers. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/ev-recalls-begin-ola-okinawa-and-pure-take-back-over-7000-electric-two-wheelers/articleshow/91092129.cms?from=mdr

39.

Road Transport M (2022) Highways: amendments to EV battery testing standards: AIS-156 and AIS-038 (REV 2) to be implemented in two phases W.E.F 1st dec, 2022 and 31st March, 2023. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1862596.

40.

Wang Q, Jiang B, Li B, Yan Y (2016) A critical review of thermal management models and solutions of lithium-ion batteries for the development of pure electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 64, 106–128 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.033CrossRef

41.

Kurdve, M., Zackrisson, M., Johansson, M.I., Ebin, B., Harlin, U.: Considerations when modelling ev battery circularity systems. Batteries 5(2), 1–20 (2019) https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5020040CrossRef

42.

Qiang J, Yang L, Ao G, Zhong h (2007) Battery management system for electric vehicle application. In: 2006 IEEE international conference on vehicular electronics and safety, ICVES, pp. 134–138. IEEE, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2006.371569

43.

Liu K, Li K, Peng Q, Zhang C (2018) A brief review on key technologies in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Front Mech Eng 14, 1–18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-018-0516-8CrossRef

44.

Mali V, Saxena R, Kumar K, Kalam A, Tripathi B (2021) Review on battery thermal management systems for energy-efficient electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 151, 111611 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111611CrossRef

45.

Kelly K, Abraham T, Bennion K, Bharathan D, Narumanchi S, O’Keefe M (2008) Assessment of thermal control technologies for cooling electric vehicle power electronics. Natl Renew Energy Lab 1(1), 1–17

46.

Aayog N (2022) Battery Swapping Policy Draft. NITI Aayog. https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022- 04/20220420_Battery_Swapping_Policy_Draft.pdf

47.

Sarker, M.R., Pandžić, H., Ortega-Vazquez, M.A.: Optimal operation and services scheduling for an electric vehicle battery swapping station. IEEE Trans Power Syst 30(2), 901–910 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2331560CrossRef

48.

Gao H, Gallant BM (2020) Advances in the chemistry and applications of alkali-metal–gas batteries. Nat Rev Chem 4(11), 566–583CrossRef

49.

Chayambuka, K., Mulder, G., Danilov, D.L., Notten, P.H.L.: From li-ion batteries toward na-ion chemistries: Challenges and opportunities. Adv Energy Mater 10(38), 2001310 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001310CrossRef

50.

Bhat F, Verma M, Verma A (2022) Measuring and modelling electric vehicle adoption of Indian consumers. Trans Dev Econ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40890-021-00143-2CrossRef

51.

Gong, X., Xiong, R., Mi, C.C.: Study of the characteristics of battery packs in electric vehicles with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery cells. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 51(2), 1872–1879 (2014)CrossRef

52.

Vdovic, H., Babic, J., Podobnik, V.: Automotive software in connected and autonomous electric vehicles: A review. IEEE Access 7, 166365–166379 (2019)CrossRef

53.

Zhang Y (2022) How to eliminate the people’s prejudice against electric vehicles. In: 2022 7th international conference on social sciences and economic development (ICSSED 2022), pp. 753–759. Atlantis Press, Wuhan, China

Titel: Electric Vehicles and the Burning Question: Reasons, Risks, Ramifications and Remedies—An Indian Perspective
verfasst von: V. Kethareswaran
Sanjay Moulik
Publikationsdatum: 28.06.2023
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Fire Technology / Ausgabe 5/2023
Print ISSN: 0015-2684
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8099
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01453-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2023

Evacuation of Vessels in Dockyards: A Model Validation Study

Machine Learning Prediction of Residual Mechanical Strength of Hybrid-Fiber-Reinforced Self-consolidating Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperature

A New Method for Quantifying Exit Usage

The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review

Revisiting Alpert’s Correlations: Numerical Exploration of Early-Stage Building Fire and Detection

A Planning Model for Predicting Ignition Potential of Complex Fuels in Diurnally Variable Environments