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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

22. Electrical Fires

verfasst von : Vytenis Babrauskas

Erschienen in: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

An electrical fire is generally understood to be a fire that is caused by the flow of an electric current or by a discharge of static electricity. It is not defined as a fire involving an electrical device or appliance. For example, a fire on an electric range that occurs due to overheating and ignition of the oil in a deep-fry pan is not classed as an electrical fire, even though it involves an electrical appliance. Conversely, an electrical device or appliance is not always needed for an electrical fire to occur. Lightning-caused fires are a form of electrical fires and these can ignite, for example, a dry bush, which is not an electrical device.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Flaming Ignition of Solid Fuels

Nächstes Kapitel Surface Flame Spread

Area (m²)

Capacitance (F)

C p

Heat capacity, constant-pressure (J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹)

C v

Heat capacity, constant-volume (J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹)

c 1

Constant (-)

c 2

Constant (-)

Diameter (m)

Distance (m)

d 1

Clearance distance (m)

d 2

Creepage distance (m)

Charge of the electron (C)

Electric field (V m⁻¹)

Heat transfer coefficient (W m⁻² K⁻¹)

Current (A)

Distance (m)

Molar mass (kg/mol)

Pressure (Pa)

Power (W)

\( \dot{P} \)

First derivative of electrical power (W s⁻¹)

q″

Power density (W m⁻²)

Charge (C)

Q′″

Charge density (C m⁻³)

Radius (m)

Resistance (W)

Universal gas constant (8.314 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹)

Time (s)

Temperature (K)

Velocity (m s⁻¹)

Potential difference (“voltage”; V)

Volume (m³)

Energy (J)

Townsend’s first ionization coefficient, (m⁻¹)

Dielectric constant (–)

ε o

Permittivity of vacuum (S s m⁻¹)

Ratio C_p/C_v (—)

Incomplete gamma function (–)

Townsend’s second ionization coefficient (-)

Thermal conductivity (W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)

Density (kg m⁻³)

ρe

Electrical resistivity of copper (Ω · m)

Charge density (C m⁻²)

Time constant (s)

Low voltage is defined by various institutions as being lower than 600, 660, or 1,000 V.

The discussion here is based on electrical practice in North America.

Mobile homes normally have a four-wire service from pole to building.

This refers to outlets, plugs, and similar devices. Electric and electronic appliances are often designed to much less stringent standards and may fail or start burning at significantly smaller surge levels.

The NFPA Research Foundation is currently conducting a study on aging electrical wiring and there may be conclusions obtained from it concerning the potential lifetime of electrical connections.

The problem is only pertinent to small-diameter, 10 AWG (2.588 mm) or smaller, conductors; service-entrance cables and other large-diameter aluminum conductors can generally be reliably terminated.

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Titel: Electrical Fires
verfasst von: Vytenis Babrauskas
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2564-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-2565-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_22

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