Energy Balance Based Lifetime Maximization in Wireless Sensor Networks Employing Joint Routing and Asynchronous Duty Cycle Scheduling Techniques

This paper introduces a novel energy balance based lifetime maximization issue in wireless sensor networks employing joint routing and asynchronous duty cycle scheduling techniques titled as EB-JRADCS problem. To formulate the EB-JRADCS problem a new asynchronous MAC protocol utilizing flooding of RTS and random sending of CTS named FRTS–RCTS is proposed. This protocol leads to new constraints called flow sharing (FS) constraints that joint the network lifetime maximization parameters including flow rate of information on any route and duty cycle of nodes. It is shown that the modeled EB-JRADCS problem can be expressed as a signomial geometric programming problem. Due to the complexity of solving the achieved problem, first it is converted into a simpler problem by relaxing FS constraints from equal to unequal form. Then the simplified problem is solved with the aid of a specific convexification method and the global optimum solution of the network lifetime is evaluated under various scenarios. The achieved optimum solution can be used as a benchmark for evaluating and comparing distributed and heuristic methods that aim to extend the network lifetime.