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2021 | Buch | 1. Auflage

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European Union Security and Defence

Policies, Operations and Transatlantic Challenges

herausgegeben von: George Voskopoulos

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Contributions to Political Science

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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This book explores the multilayer nexus among inter-related international and regional security parameters that critically define the EU’s rapidly changing security environment. In terms of intensity, complexity and urgency these changes constitute challenges that threaten the very core of European security – both internal and external. In a fluid and transitional international environment of diversified needs and polymorphic threats the space dimension acquires a novel unified meaning.
The book closely examines the EU’s current strategic, organisational and defence capabilities regarding global, regional and domestic challenges such as terrorism, systemic instability, global order and a number of crucial hindrances to transatlantic cooperation. The chapters offer not only valuable theoretical insights, but also unique perspectives on operational and organisational elements of EU applied policies based on the testimonies of field experts. The combination of theory-based approaches and the demonstration of the EU’s operational capabilities and weaknesses as externalized through its global strategy choices provide an overall evaluation of adopted policies and their effects. This is crucial in a global transition period that will define the EU’s role and its potential to produce desired outcomes through synergies with its strategic allies.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The EU Internal–External Security Nexus

Frontmatter

Soft Power, European Security Strategy and Radicalism: Cultural, Religious and Dimensional Challenges

Abstract

European security has been at the epicentre of the EU’s macro-strategic planning in an effort to deal with the onset of Islamic radicalism. By default, this effort is built on alternative/parallel strategies aiming at maximizing desired outcome. Soft power is a means the EU disposes to enhance the nexus between external and internal security in order to build bridges across religions and establish the basis of mutual understanding. Internal balancing is a prerequisite to create strong and efficient nuclei to deal with the major causes of the radicalization process. The challenges are not single dimensional but stem from a multidimensional milieu. This chapter scrutinizes a number of cultural, cognitive, religious, historical and institutional issues that will determine the ability of the EU to limit multifaceted threats.

George Voskopoulos

The Strategic Context of the European Security and Defence Policy

Abstract

The context in which the EU aspires to play its role as a security provider to its citizens and in its general vicinity has changed dramatically in the last several years. External and internal factors have established a particularly challenging environment in which EU governments had to move from the lethargic prosperity of the early 2000s to the demanding policy agenda of Defense (and Security) Union, as advocated by the European Commission. The last decade has brought major changes in the way in which the EU has responded to the evolving character of its security challenges. The EU and its governments could not avoid moving towards fashioning a comprehensive response to these challenges that were apparently connecting external and internal aspects of security.

Fotini Bellou

Securitization: Theoretical Underpinnings and Implications

Abstract

The introduction of ‘securitization’ has aimed at putting emphasis on the construction of intersubjective understandings, within discursive processes, pointing to a threat and subsequently justifying exceptional measures. The chapter tackles the role of this concept in international relations and particularly security studies, offering an overview of its theoretical pathways and challenges as well as of the interplay among several standpoints (e.g. constructivist, critical, post-structural, etc.), within the Copenhagen School and beyond as well. Securitization has been basically linked to security as a speech act and to the facilitating conditions which make it more or less likely. However, further elaboration has been called for, often entailing a diversified reading of theory’s content, function and ontological underpinnings. Notable examples relate to the comprehension of securitization as an ideal type or as a concept affecting the relation between security and identity and to its expansion to something more than a speech act. Overall, new impetus has been given to security studies, through a varied discussion of securitization and its features, reflecting the diversified trajectory of IR theory.

Kyriakos Mikelis

Small EU Member States and the European Security and Defence Integration

Abstract

One of the most researched topics regarding small states in the EU concerns small member states and the Union’s security and defence policy. This should not come as a surprise as in these areas the interests and amount of power of small member states can diverge considerably from those of bigger EU member states, as well as their strategies do. Given the unprecedented progress that has been achieved by the Juncker Commission in the areas of security and defence integration, the goal of this chapter is to identify the new challenges and opportunities with which small EU member states have to deal. To this aim, it takes stock of previous research on small EU member states in ESDP/CSDP and also explores primary resources. The first part of the chapter discusses the developments concerning security and defence integration in the EU. The second part analyses the main debates in the literature on small EU member states in ESDP/CSDP. The third part builds upon the previous two in order to present the new challenges and opportunities that small member states confront in these areas.

Revecca Pedi

EU Operations: From the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) to the European External Action Service (EEAS)

Frontmatter

EU Peace Operations in a Changing World: A Multilayer Evaluation

Abstract

EU peace operations constitute a positive stabilization input of paramount importance to regional and global security. The outcomes reflect the EU’s ability to provide an alternative to traditional single actor involvement and its role as a soft power and peace provider. They reflect the EU’s long tradition of multilateral action, a choice that underpins and explains full support of the established UN world order. This chapter provides the insights of the EU’s operational mode, the cooperation framework with the UN and the logic behind it, its ability to institutionally formalize multilateralism, nominal evaluation criteria and a multicausal assessment based on complementarity with the UN and the EU’s actual capabilities.

George Voskopoulos

European Participation in International Military Operations: National Decision-Making and the Role of EU Institutions

Abstract

The EU’s international role is defined, inter alia, by its participation in international military operations. The task has been challenging under the impact of a number of hindrances. This chapter looks into covertly or overtly interlinked issues that affect the EU’s efficiency when using the tools disposed by its institutional framework. European defence and the way it has/has not progressed has affected the functioning of EEAS, whereas PESCO is providing the basis for more orchestrated action. The best use of each member state’s capabilities and the way these will form a compact instrument of action will define the EU’s international role. The focal point that will determine outcomes lies in the way decisions about military deployment abroad are taken domestically and the way EU institutions and national parliaments will facilitate political and institutional processes in the sphere of defense.

Kjell Engelbrekt

The European External Action Service: An Encompassing and Adaptive Agency at the Service of the EU Global Security Strategy?

Abstract

The evolving security challenges that the European Union (EU) has encountered in recent decades have set the stage for a consequent institutional adaptation. Previous oscillations by EU member states (MS) to develop and strengthen the Common Foreign and Security Policy were reflected in the weak institutional framework that was gradually formed to its service especially in the 2000s. However, the establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS) reflects the very vision of the EU member states to depart from previous inconsistencies and to empower the EU’s multi-layered external action by establishing a uniquely compound institution destined to serve and to upgrade the EU into an effective global security actor. The EEAS has wrestled to encompass all forms of policies having a foreign and security policy impact, while trying to entertain all contestations and turf wars around the scope and effectiveness of its actions. The article argues that EEAS hosts a ‘dynamic hybridity logic’, which favours the formation of niche co-operation schemes that could better serve or improve the implementation of the EU external action by involving different services and assets from other policy sectors of the EU.

Fotini Bellou

The Evolving Role of FRONTEX in Implementing an EU Comprehensive Approach on Security

Abstract

FRONTEX has been a main axis of the EU’s multilayer policy towards enhancing the comprehensive European framework on security. Its evolving role was a sine qua non in the EU’s effort to deal with newly emerging threats in its periphery and the way they have affected its actual ability to respond. Its operating has faced multiple challenges stemming from differentiated sources. This very fact makes coordination an indispensable tool for the application of a policy that brings the desired outcome.

Georgios Vourekas

The Role of the European Commission/DG ECHO in Crisis Response and Institutional Cooperation for an EU Comprehensive Approach

Abstract

The EU’s comprehensive approach to crises constitutes a crucial tool in responding to challenges that affect the EU and its global role as defined by the European Global Strategy. This chapter provides a conclusive approach to the operational framework of the DG ECHO, its multiple synergies and the ability of the European Union to operate in a cohesive, efficient way. This is of paramount importance in an era of emerging regional and global challenges. These illustrate the need of the EU to adapt to a new international reality. At the same time, it pinpoints the urgency to provide a flexible organizational framework under the leadership and institutional aegis of the EU Commission.

Apostolos Nikolaidis

EU, Russia and Transatlantic Challenges

Frontmatter

Russia’s Challenges to International Security and the Western Response: Moscow’s Objectives in the Middle East

Abstract

Russian foreign policy in the Middle East has been a challenge not only to the regional world order but also to a geostrategic modus operandi in the region. This involvement challenges the regional order and the balance of power/interests in a way that introduces new input into the regional security equation. The domestic factor of Russian involvement is a crucial factor in explaining Russian international behaviour. It provides an organization, an operational and cognitive link to the need of its leadership to justify choices, terms of engagement and rivals. This chapter looks into the objectives of Russian policy, its aim to transatlantic partnership, choices in forming alliances and its effort to domestically legitimize its involvement.

Stephen Blank

West v. Russia: A Role for Diplomacy

Abstract

Russia has been a main challenge to European security for geographical, historical, political and geostrategic reasons. Devising a policy that minimizes this threat is a herculean task that has to include a number of defining parameters. The alternatives presented here bear cost not only for all the actors involved, but also for the states affected by Russia’s foreign policy and its view on ‘spheres of influence’. Finding a modus vivendi is a challenging task because it will have to satisfy divergent expectations, the realities of international politics and contested visions of the world.

Younes El Ghazi

Transatlantic Relations at a Time of Uncertainty: The Formation of Transatlantic Axis

Abstract

Transatlantic relations have been the cornerstone of the Western alliance since the end the Second World War. Ever since, they have created a world order based on balance, respect for the rule of law and democracy. In the second decade of the twenty-first century, this axis appeared to be threatened by a number of challenges not only in terms of engagement but also in terms of alternative responses. European and American responses were formulated on a divergent axis based on the two strategic partners’ respective role, the means disposed and their vision of the emerging world order.

George Voskopoulos

Augmenting European Security and Defence: A Multiple Challenge for the EU

Abstract

The European Global Strategy that was launched in 2016 was the catalyst for a concatenation of initiatives, strategic and operational, aiming at augmenting the European Security and Defence Policy up to a level at which the EU could deliver effective security to its citizens and in its surrounding vicinity. Concomitantly, the EU and NATO operational cooperation agreed in July 2016 offered an unprecedented framework for cooperation between the two organizations further empowering their objectives towards making European Security and Defence more relevant to respond against challenges and threats on the ground. This article advocates that despite the dramatic progress that has taken place in recent years, it remains to be seen whether the EU will reach the level of a Security and Defence Union without reducing its inclusive character.

Fotini Bellou

NATO Security Challenges

Abstract

NATO is at a crossroads. Its future role as well as the degree of its efficiency will depend on the ability of allies to find common ground for action in a changing world. The challenges to transatlantic partnership stem from or are [in]directly related to the cohesion of the alliance and its ability to agree on a modus operandi and the ability to form a strategy that covers divergent needs and priorities. This will allow allies to preserve their common identity and revitalize a partnership that has changed the image of world politics and safeguarded the collective interest of the West. To achieve this goal, NATO allies should be able to energize an adaptive dynamic that covers aspects related to both the internal and external security dimension of its members.

Vittorio A. Stella

Titel: European Union Security and Defence
herausgegeben von: George Voskopoulos
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-48893-2
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48892-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48893-2

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The EU Internal–External Security Nexus

Frontmatter

Soft Power, European Security Strategy and Radicalism: Cultural, Religious and Dimensional Challenges

The Strategic Context of the European Security and Defence Policy

Securitization: Theoretical Underpinnings and Implications

Small EU Member States and the European Security and Defence Integration

EU Operations: From the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) to the European External Action Service (EEAS)

Frontmatter

EU Peace Operations in a Changing World: A Multilayer Evaluation

European Participation in International Military Operations: National Decision-Making and the Role of EU Institutions

The European External Action Service: An Encompassing and Adaptive Agency at the Service of the EU Global Security Strategy?

The Evolving Role of FRONTEX in Implementing an EU Comprehensive Approach on Security

The Role of the European Commission/DG ECHO in Crisis Response and Institutional Cooperation for an EU Comprehensive Approach

EU, Russia and Transatlantic Challenges

Frontmatter

Russia’s Challenges to International Security and the Western Response: Moscow’s Objectives in the Middle East

West v. Russia: A Role for Diplomacy

Transatlantic Relations at a Time of Uncertainty: The Formation of Transatlantic Axis

Augmenting European Security and Defence: A Multiple Challenge for the EU

NATO Security Challenges

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