nach oben

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Erschienen in:

29.06.2022 | Original Paper

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Axially Loaded Bored Piles Socketed in a Conglomerate Rock Mass

verfasst von: Adis Skejić, Dejan Gavrić, Mario Jurišić, Đani Rahimić

Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Ausgabe 10/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This paper presents the details of an experimental and numerical analysis performed on two 1.0 m and one 0.9 m diameter bored piles socketed in the conglomerate rock mass. The study investigates how shaft and base resistance contribute to load settlement behavior of piles built in poorly and well-cemented conglomerate rock mass. Two of the piles were constructed as complete sockets, and the third one is a shear socket only. The testing procedure included measuring pile cap settlement and deformations along with the pile (telltales and strain gauges). The results indicate that not only well cemented but poorly cemented conglomerate as well can sustain heavy surcharge before settlements indicating the commencement of full slip were reached. Numerical simulation of the socket with explicitly modeled roughness was applied to assess the influence of socket side surface strength on the behavior of the test pile. The parameters of numerical models were derived from back analysis of field pile load test combined with recorded socket side roughness and the strength parameters obtained by the direct shear tests of conglomerate intact specimens. The results were compared with the experimental observations, and a good level of agreement with measurements was confirmed.

Vorheriger Artikel Study on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Hard Roof Under Abutment Pressure

Nächster Artikel Forecasting Face Support Pressure During EPB Shield Tunneling in Soft Ground Formations Using Support Vector Regression and Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

ASTM D5607–02 (2008). Standard test method for performing laboratory direct shear strength tests of rock specimens under constant normal force.

ASTM International. (2013). Standard test method for deep foundations under static axial compressive load. ASTM International.

Alnuaim AM, Hamid WM, Alshenawy AO (2020) Numerical study of skin friction behavior of piles in limestone rock. Soil Mech Found Eng 57(3):265–269CrossRef

Alrifai L (2007) Rock socket piles at mall of the emirates, Dubai. Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng 160(2):105–120CrossRef

Asem P, Gardoni P (2019) Evaluation of peak side resistance for rock socketed shafts in weak sedimentary rock from an extensive database of published field load tests: a limit state approach. Can Geotech J 56(12):1816–1831CrossRef

Akram, M. S., Sharrock, G., & Mitra, R. (2010). Physical and numerical investigation of conglomeratic rocks (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia).

Akgüner C, Kirkit M (2012) Axial bearing capacity of socketed single cast-in-place piles. Soils Found 52(1):59–68CrossRef

Barbalić I, Galjan B, Bandić M, Ivandić K (2007) Pile testing at the Dubrovnik passenger port construction site. Građevinar, 59(08.):693–703.

Basarkar SS, Dewaikar DM (2006) Load transfer characteristics of socketed piles in Mumbai region. Soils Found 46(2):247–257CrossRef

Benmokrane B, Mouchaorab KS, Ballivy G (1994) Laboratory investigation of shaft resistance of rock-socketed piers using the constant normal stiffness direct shear test. Can Geotech J 31(3):407–419CrossRef

Bieniawski ZT, Van Heerden WL (1975) The significance of in situ tests on large rock specimens. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 101–113). Pergamon.

Brinkgreve RBJ, Engin E, Swolfs WM (2017) Plaxis 2D manual. Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema.

Carrubba P (1997) Skin friction on large-diameter piles socketed into rock. Can Geotech J 34(2):230–240CrossRef

Chen XY, Zhang MY, Bai XY (2018) Axial resistance of bored piles socketed into soft rock. KSCE J Civ Eng 23(1):46–55CrossRef

Cheng F, Haberfield CM, Seidel JP (1996). Laboratory study of bonding and wall smear in rock socketed piles. In: 7th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics: geomechanics in a changing world: conference proceedings (p. 69). Institution of Engineers, Australia.

Dai G, Salgado R, Gong W, Zhu M (2016) The effect of sidewall roughness on the shaft resistance of rock-socketed piles. Acta Geotech 12(2):429–440CrossRef

Dykeman P, Valsangkar AJ (1996) Model studies of socketed caissons in soft rock. Can Geotech J 33(5):747–759CrossRef

Eid HT, Bani-Hani K (2012) Settlement of axially loaded piles entirely embedded in rock-analytical and experimental study. Geomech Geoeng 7(2):139–148CrossRef

Eid HT, Shehada AA (2013) Estimating the elastic settlement of piled foundations on rock. Int J Geomech 15(3):0401405

EN (1992). 1–1: 2004 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings, 1992–3.

Ervin MC, Finlayson JE (2006) Piled foundations for Eureka Tower, Melbourne, Australia. Proc Inst Civ Eng-Geotech Eng 159(3):187–194CrossRef

Fellenius, B. (2017). Basics of foundation design. Lulu.com.

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Melentijevic S (2016) Análisis numérico del efecto de la rugosidad en el contacto pilote-roca sobre la resistencia por fuste y punta. Revista Digital Del Cedex 182:41–41

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Melentijevic S, Senent S, Jimenez R (2019) DEM models to predict side shear resistance of rock-socketed piles considering socket roughness. In: 53rd US rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium. American Rock Mechanics Association.

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Senent S, Melentijevic S, Jimenez R (2021a). A DEM-based factor to design rock-socketed piles considering socket roughness. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1–13.

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Song G, Heron C, Marschall A, Jimenez R (2020a) Centrifuge modelling of shaft resistance of a rock-socketed pile. Proceeding 4th european conference on physical modelling in geotechnics-ECPMG, 06–08 September, Lulea, Sweden.

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Melentijevic S, Senent S, Jimenez R (2020b) Distinct-element method simulations of rock-socketed piles: estimation of side shear resistance considering socket roughness. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 146(12):04020133CrossRef

Gutiérrez-Ch JG (2020c) Análisis del efecto de la rugosidad en el contacto roca-pilote sobre la resistencia por fuste de pilotes. [In Spanish.] Ph.D. thesis, Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. https://doi.org/10.20868/UPM.thesis.63589.

Gutiérrez-Ch JG, Song G, Heron CM, Marshall A, Jimenez R (2021b) Centrifuge tests on rock-socketed piles: effect of socket roughness on shaft resistance. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 147(11):04021125CrossRef

Haberfield CM, Lochaden ALE (2019) Analysis and design of axially loaded piles in rock. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 11(3):535–548CrossRef

Hassan KM, O’Neill MW (1997) Side load-transfer mechanisms in drilled shafts in soft argillaceous rock. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 123(2):145–152CrossRef

Hoek E, Brown ET (1997) Practical estimates of rock mass strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(8):1165–1186CrossRef

Horvath RG (1982) Behaviour of rock-socketed drilled pier foundations (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto).

Horvath RG, Kenney TC, Trow WA (1980) Results of tests to determine shaft resistance of rock-socketed drilled piers. In: International Conference on Structural Foundations on Rock, 1980, Sydney, Australia (Vol. 1).

Horvath RG, Kenney TC, Kozicki P (1983) Methods of improving the performance of drilled piers in weak rock. Can Geotech J 20(4):758–772CrossRef

ICE Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls. (2016), ICE Publishing, Third Edition, 21–216.

International Society for Rock Mechanics (1978) Suggested methods for determining uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials, ISRM Committee on Standardization of Laboratory Tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 16:137–140

Kaderabek TJ, Reynolds RT (1981) Miami limestone foundation design and construction. J Geotech Eng Div 107(7):859–872CrossRef

Kirkit M, Kılıç H, Akgüner C (2010) Numerical analyses of axial load capacity of rock socketed piles in Turkey. In: Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (pp. 665–670). CRC Press.

Kong KH, Kodikara J, Haque A (2006) Numerical modelling of the side resistance development of piles in mudstone with direct use of sidewall roughness. International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences (1997), 43(6), 987–995.

Kou HL, Guo W, Zhang MY, Xu YQ (2016) Axial resistance of long rock-socketed bored piles in stratified soils. Ocean Eng 114:58–65CrossRef

Kulhawy FH, Phoon KK (1993) Drilled shaft side resistance in clay soil to rock. Design and performance of deep foundations: Piles and piers in soil and soft rock, (pp. 172–183). ASCE.

Krsmanović D (1967) Initial and residual shear strength of hard rocks. Geotechnique 17(2):145–160CrossRef

Leung CF, Ko HY (1993) Centrifuge model study of piles socketed in soft rock. Soils Found 33(3):80–91CrossRef

Mahmoud AM, Samieh AM (2017) Displacement assessment of rock socketed shafts: a numerical approach. In: International congress and exhibition" sustainable civil infrastructures: innovative infrastructure geotechnology (pp. 238–249). Springer, Cham.

Melentijevic S, Olalla C (2014) Different FEM models for simulation of the Osterberg load test in rock shafts. In: Proc. ISRM Regional Symposium-EUROCK 2014. Vigo, pp. 775–781: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

Ng CW, Yau TL, Li JH, Tang WH (2001) Side resistance of large diameter bored piles socketed into decomposed rocks. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127(8):642–657CrossRef

Olalla, C. (2014). Foundations on rock masses. In ISRM Regional Symposium-EUROCK 2014, Vigo, Spain. International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

Omer JR, Delpak R, Robinson RB (2002) Instrumented load tests in mudstone: pile capacity and settlement prediction. Can Geotech J 39(6):1254–1272CrossRef

Palmström A, Singh R (2001) The deformation modulus of rock masses-comparisons between in situ tests and indirect estimates. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 16(2):115–131CrossRef

Pells PJN, Turner RM (1979) Elastic solutions for the design and analysis of rock-socketed piles. Can Geotech J 16(3):481–487CrossRef

Pells PJ, Rowe RK, Turner RM (1980) An experimental investigation into side shear for socketed piles in sandstone. International Conference on Structural Foundations on Rock, Sydney, Australia (Vol. 1).

Rahman S, Siddiqui S, Sharp K (2019) Behavior of rock-socketed drilled shaft under uni-axial loading-a parametric study. In: Geo-Congress 2019: Foundations (pp. 213-222). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers

Rezazadeh S, Eslami A (2017) Empirical methods for determining shaft bearing capacity of semi-deep foundations socketed in rocks. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 9(6):1140–1151CrossRef

Rosenberg P, Journeaux NL (1976) Friction and end bearing tests on bedrock for high capacity socket design. Can Geotech J 13(3):324–333CrossRef

Rowe RK, Armitage HH (1984) The design of piles socketed into weak rock. University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Engineering Science

Rowe RK, Armitage HH (1987) A design method for drilled piers in soft rock. Can Geotech J 24(1):126–142CrossRef

Russo G (2012) Experimental investigations and analysis on different pile load testing procedures. Acta Geotech 8(1):17–31CrossRef

Seidel JP, Collingwood B (2001) A new socket roughness factor for prediction of rock socket shaft resistance. Can Geotech J 38(1):138–153CrossRef

Seol HI, Jeong SS (2007) Shaft resistance characteristics of rock-socketed drilled shafts based on pile load tests. J Korean Geotech Soc 23(9):51–63

Seychuk JL (1970) Load tests on bedrock. Can Geotech J 7(4):464–470CrossRef

Skejić A (2012) Interface formulation problem in geotechnical finite element software. Electron J Geotech Eng 17:2035–2041

Sousa LR, He M, Kanji M (2020) Soft rock mechanics and engineering. Springer

Sousa LR, Nakamura A, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi Y, Kawasaki M, Satoh H. (1997). Evaluation of the deformability of rock masses for dam foundations. Analysis of deformability investigation results of heterogeneous bedrock. Technical Memorandum of PWRI, no. 3514, Tsukuba City, 45p.

Šunjić G, Džeba T, Prskalo M (2020) Geotechnical characteristics of the banks in the middle course of the Neretva River through the City of the Mostar. e-Zbonik: Electronic collection of papers of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, (20).

Thorburn S (1966) Large diameter piles founded on bedrock. In: Large Bored Piles (pp. 121–129). Thomas Telford Publishing.

Turner JP (2006) Rock-socketed shafts for highway structure foundations (Vol. 360). Transportation Research Board.

Tschuchnigg F, Schweiger HF (2013) Comparison of deep foundation systems using 3D finite element analysis employing different modeling techniques. Geotech Eng J SEAGS & AGSSEA 44(3):40–46

Vu TT (2013) Load and resistance factor design of drilled shafts at the service limit state (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia).

Wang TH, Zhang L, Hao YZ, Jin X (2020) Side Friction of Rock-Socketed Piles Involving Thick Sediment. Adv Civ Eng 2020.

Williams AF (1980) The design and performance of piles socketed into weak rock.

Williams AF, Johnston IW, Donald IB (1980) The design of socketed piles in weak rock. International conference on structural foundations on rock, 1980, Sydney, Australia (Vol. 1).

Williams A, Pells PJN (1981) Side resistance rock sockets in sandstone, mudstone, and shale. Can Geotech J 18(4):502–513CrossRef

Wood DM (2003) Geotechnical modelling (Vol. 1). CRC press.

Xu J, Haque A, Gong W, Gamage RP, Dai G, Zhang Q, Xu F (2020) Experimental study on the bearing mechanisms of rock-socketed piles in soft rock based on micro X-ray CT analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(8):3395–3416CrossRef

Xu J, Dai G, Gong W, Zhang Q, Haque A, Gamage RP (2020b) A review of research on the shaft resistance of rock-socketed piles. Acta Geotechnica, 1–25.

Yong LEI, Yin JF, Chen QN, Liu YX (2017) Experimental study on the rock-socketed segment of pile and analysis of its load-bearing characteristics. J Highway Trans Res Dev 11(3):54–61

Zlatar M (2008) Calculating the capacity of bored piles using test loads. International Conference Civil Engineering-Science and Practice, GNP, Žabljak, Montenegro, 559–564.

Zhan C, Yin JH (2000) Field static load tests on drilled shaft founded on or socketed into rock. Can Geotech J 37(6):1283–1294CrossRef

Zhang L, Einstein HH (1998) End bearing capacity of drilled shafts in rock. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 124(7):574–584CrossRef

Zhou J, Zhou C, Feng Q, Gao T (2020) Analytical model for load-transfer mechanism of rock-socketed drilled piles: considering bond strength of the concrete–rock interface. Int J Geomech 20(6):04020059CrossRef

Zuo G, Drumm EC, Islam MZ, Yang MZ (2004) Numerical analysis of drilled shaft O-cell testing in mica schist. In: GeoSupport 2004: Drilled Shafts, Micropiling, Deep Mixing, Remedial Methods, and Specialty Foundation Systems (pp 778–789).

Titel: Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Axially Loaded Bored Piles Socketed in a Conglomerate Rock Mass
verfasst von: Adis Skejić
Dejan Gavrić
Mario Jurišić
Đani Rahimić
Publikationsdatum: 29.06.2022
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Ausgabe 10/2022
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02932-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2022

Analytical and Numerical Simulations to Predict the Long-Term Behavior of Lined Tunnels Considering Excavation-Induced Damaged Zone

Experimental and Numerical Impact Responses of an Innovative Rockfall Protection Structure Made of Articulated Concrete Blocks

A Time-Dependent Hydro-mechanical Coupling Model of Reservoir Sandstone During CO2 Geological Storage

Investigation into Rock Breakage with Expansive Cement Under Biaxial Confinement

Study on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Hard Roof Under Abutment Pressure

Investigation of Hydro-mechanical Behaviour of Excavation Induced Damage Zone of Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone: Numerical Modeling and In-situ Experiment