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Erschienen in:
Vulnerability Context: A Study on Livelihood Pathways of the Indigenous People Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Exposure Context: Socioeconomic Transformations and Land-Use Change

verfasst von : Huỳnh Anh Chi Thái

Erschienen in: Livelihood Pathways of Indigenous People in Vietnam’s Central Highlands

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The vulnerability context of indigenous people is driven by natural and social factors. Of these factors, land-use change is considered one of the major driving forces causing the constrained status of indigenous people. Other trends, including massive migration and market change, contribute to indigenous people’s vulnerability. This chapter deals with an integrated examination of this multifacet context in the Central Highlands. The context is described based on various sources of historical digital data (satellite images and maps), secondary data, and historical information from interviewees. The results present a common picture of land use, which depicts the consequence of historical factors, and various contemporary scenes, which reflect the dynamic livelihoods at the study sites. Besides, the perception of indigenous people about their vulnerability context is revealed, which mainly relates to land-use change and is recognized as driving force motivating them to make change in their livelihoods.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Vulnerability Context: A Study on Livelihood Pathways of the Indigenous People
Nächstes Kapitel Sensitivity in Livelihood Pathways
Fußnoten
1
Agricultural collectivization along with central planning and heavy industry was recognized as a “Soviet model” (Hill 2014) and was started in North Vietnam (or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) in 1958.
 
2
Brazil is a traditional coffee supplier, the top coffee producer, and also one of the main consuming countries in the world (Ponte 2002).
 
3
In pursuit of the very attractive prices of the mid-1990s, the Vietnamese government promulgated favorable policies regarding coffee production. Vietnam then succeeded in boosting coffee production at times of high prices. However, the expansion of coffee plantations exceeded the plans, and coffee was planted in areas which had not been designated for coffee. The coffee boom in Vietnam did not follow market trends, and they exported increasing quantities of coffee to the world market, without any attention to pricing. The overproduction of coffee was exacerbated by the existence of quantities of defective and low-quality coffee beans in the global market (Ponte 2002; Duncan n.d.).
 
4
In 2005, Dak Lak was divided into two separate provinces: Dak Lak and Dak Nong (Wikipedia 2014). In order to calculate the changes in land and population between the provinces from 1995 to 2014, the data of Dak Lak and Dak Nong in 2014 are counted together in order to make a valid comparison with 1995.
 
5
While district and city have the same level of administration and fall under the control of the provinces, city plays a more important role as a capital of the province.
 
6
Sào: local land measurement unit, equivalent to 1000 square meters or 0.1 hectare in south and central Vietnam
 
7
Except for the names of the owners of some specific tourism companies, all names of interviewees are pseudonyms in order to protect the anonymity of participants taking part in this study.
 
8
In 2001 and again in 2004, thousands of indigenous people in the Central Highlands gathered to demonstrate against government policies regarding religion and land rights (McElwee 2001; UNHCR 2006).
 
9
Mong (H’Mong) and Tay are ethnic minorities who originally lived in northern mountainous area of Vietnam.
 
Literatur
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Coffee Association Canada (2002) The current coffee crisis – cause, analysis, and solution
Espaldon DMVO et al (2004) Challenges on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural resource management in Vietnam uplands: a case study. SEAMEO SEARCA, p 88
General Statistical Office (2010) Socio-economic statistical data of 63 provinces and cities. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
General Statistical Office (2015) Statistical yearbook of Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
Hardy AD (2005) Red hills: migrants and the state in the Highlands of Vietnam. NIAS Press, Copenhagen
Hickey GC (1967) The highland people of South Vietnam: social and economic development. The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica
Hill H (2014) Is there a Southeast Asian development model? University of Freiburg, Freiburg
Human Rights Watch (2002) Repression of Montagnards: conflicts over land and religion in Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Brussels. A, New York/Washington, DC/London
Le VK, Pham QT (2014) Hướng tới phát triển bền vững Tây Nguyên (Towards the sustainable development in the Central Highlands). Trí Thức
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Nguyen TBH (2002) Phân tích thực trạng di dân đến Đăk Lăk và ảnh hưởng của nó tới sự phát triển kinh tế – xã hội (Analysing status of the migration to Dak Lak and its influence on socio-economy). Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi
Rev.Dr.Stan Duncan (n.d.) The International coffee crisis
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Salemink O (2003a) Enclosing the Highlands: Socialist, Capitalist and Protestant Conversions of Vietnam’s Central Highlanders
Salemink O (2003b) The ethnography of Vietnam’s Central Highlanders : a historical contextualization, 1850–1990. RoutledgeCurzon, London/New York. (Anthropology of Asia series)
Sunderlin WD, Ba HT (2005) Poverty alleviation and forests in Vietnam. Center for International Forest Research (CIFOR), Bogor Barat
Tran TQC (2007) Coffee profile. Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi
UNHCR (2002) Vietnam: indigenous minority groups in the Central Highlands. UNHCR Centre for Documentation and Research
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White Paper (n.d.) The global coffee crisis
Metadaten
Titel
Exposure Context: Socioeconomic Transformations and Land-Use Change
verfasst von
Huỳnh Anh Chi Thái
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Livelihood Pathways of Indigenous People in Vietnam’s Central Highlands

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71170-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-71171-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71171-3_2