Facile synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Ni-decorated amine groups-immobilized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles having enhanced solar cell efficiency

In this study, the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) immobilized with L-Arginine decorated with nickel (Ni) was achieved, and their ability in solar cell efficiency was evaluated. Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L-Arginine and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L-Arginine-Ni MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The structural, morphological, optical and textural properties of the prepared MNPs were clarified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) analyzes. From the BET data, it is understood that the specific surface area of the prepared Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L–Arginine MNPs is 60.85, 28.99 and 29.84 m²/g, respectively. From the pore size distribution determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, it was understood that the pore radius of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L–Arginine MNPs were in the range of mesopore and the average pore radius was equal to approximately 11.03, 9.11 and 28.45 nm, respectively. It is assumed that the half pore widths calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method of the prepared of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L-Arginine MNPs are 5.58, ∼ 0.88, and ∼ 17.98 nm, respectively. The energy band gap of the prepared MNPs with spinel structure was determined as approximately 3.10 eV. In addition to the structural, morphological, optical and textural properties, the photovoltaic properties of the prepared MNPs were examined. Au/CuO/Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L–Arginine-Ni/ZnO/SnO₂:F solar cell device was created by using existing Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L–Arginine-Ni MNPs as buffer layer. The power conversion efficiency (%) of the prepared Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L–Arginine-Ni MNPs based solar cell device was calculated as 1.84 %. This numerical result shows that the prepared Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@L-Arginine-Ni MNPs can be used as a promising buffer layer in a solar structure.