nach oben

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

Erschienen in:

06.03.2021 | Original Research

Facile synthesis of ZnO nanospheres by co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes: optimization via response surface methodology

verfasst von: Zainab Mohammad Redha, Hayat Abdulla Yusuf, Shaheer Burhan, Iftikhar Ahmed

Erschienen in: International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering | Ausgabe 3/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been deemed as an excellent material for photocatalytic processes due to its high photosensitivity, suitable bandgap and low cost. This paper aims to optimize the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles via co-precipitation for the enhanced photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO) textile. Two sets of experiments were conducted; each with different metal hydroxides (NaOH and KOH) used for the synthesis process. For each set, three factors were investigated: temperature, mixing time, and molar ratio of zinc salt to hydroxide salt. Response surface methodology (RSM) using centered central composite design (CCD) was employed to model and optimize the synthesis process with respect to the aforementioned factors. The success of the nanoparticles synthesis was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of as-synthesized ZnO NPs was observed with crystalline size of 24.2 nm. For 20-min UV illumination time, the optimization results revealed maximum degradation efficiency of 32.48% and 32.44% using NaOH and KOH, respectively. The optimum operating conditions for NaOH-based experiments were: temperature of 70 °C, 2.5 h of mixing time, and molar ratio of 1:8.5; while those for the KOH-based experiments were temperature of 60 °C, 1.5 h of mixing time, and molar ratio of 1:6. At optimum condition, these nanoparticles successfully achieved 94.82% degradation in 120 min. The reaction kinetics well fitted pseudo first-order model with a rate constant of 0.0227 min⁻¹ and correlation value R² of 0.9031.

Vorheriger Artikel Pre-implementation assessment for introducing direct load control strategies in the residential electricity sector

Nächster Artikel Theoretical analysis of wind flow characteristics to investigate the mass and momentum parameters using a novel computational fluid dynamics-based approach

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Holkar, C.R., Jadhav, A.J., Pinjari, D.V., Mahamuni, N.M., Pandit, A.B.: A critical review on textile wastewater treatments: possible approaches. J. Environ. Manage. 182, 351–366 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.090CrossRef

Yaseen, D.A., Scholz, M.: Textile dye wastewater characteristics and constituents of synthetic effluents: a critical review. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 1193–1226 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2130-zCrossRef

Tuncì, S., Duman, O., Gürkan, T.: Monitoring the decolorization of acid orange 8 and acid red 44 from aqueous solution using Fenton’s reagents by online spectrophotometric method: effect of operation parameters and kinetic study. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 1414–1425 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie302126cCrossRef

Adamek, E., Baran, W., Ziemiańska, J., Sobczak, A.: The comparison of photocatalytic degradation and decolorization processes of dyeing effluents. Int. J. Photoenergy. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/578191CrossRef

Boczkaj, G., Fernandes, A.: Wastewater treatment by means of advanced oxidation processes at basic pH conditions: a review. Chem. Eng. J. 320, 608–633 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.084

Vacchi, F.I., Albuquerque, A.F., Vendemiatti, J.A., Morales, D.A., Ormond, A.B., Freeman, H.S., Zocolo, G.J., Zanoni, M.V.B., Umbuzeiro, G.: Chlorine disinfection of dye wastewater: Implications for a commercial azo dye mixture. Sci. Total Environ. 442, 302–309 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.019CrossRef

Rasalingam, S., Peng, R., Koodali, R.T.: Removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters: applications of TiO ₂–SiO₂ mixed oxide materials. J. Nanomater. 2014, 1–42 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/617405CrossRef

Pala, A., Tokat, E.: Color removal from cotton textile industry wastewater in an activated sludge system with various additives. Water Res. 36, 2920–2925 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00529-2CrossRef

Ibhadon, A.O., Fitzpatrick, P.: Heterogeneous photocatalysis: recent advances and applications. Catalysts. 3, 189–218 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal3010189CrossRef

10.

Garrido-Cardenas, J.A., Esteban-García, B., Agüera, A., Sánchez-Pérez, J.A., Manzano-Agugliaro, F.: Wastewater treatment by advanced oxidation process and their worldwide research trends. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010170CrossRef

11.

Gusain, R., Gupta, K., Joshi, P., Khatri, O.P.: Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.102009CrossRef

12.

Karthikeyan, C., Arunachalam, P., Ramachandran, K., Al-Mayouf, A.M., Karuppuchamy, S.: Recent advances in semiconductor metal oxides with enhanced methods for solar photocatalytic applications. J. Alloys Compd. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154281CrossRef

13.

Bizani, E., Fytianos, K., Poulios, I., Tsiridis, V.: Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of dye solutions and wastewaters in the presence of titanium dioxide. J. Hazard. Mater. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.017CrossRef

14.

Zheng, M., Davidson, F., Huang, X.: Ethylene glycol monolayer protected nanoparticles for eliminating nonspecific binding with biological molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0350278CrossRef

15.

Jiang, J., Pi, J., Cai, J.: The advancing of zinc oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1062562CrossRef

16.

Khan, I., Saeed, K., Khan, I.: Nanoparticles: properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. Chem. 12, 908–931 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011CrossRef

17.

Stiolica, A.T., Popescu, M., Bubulica, M.V., Oancea, C.N., Nicolicescu, C., Croitoru, O., Neamtu, J., Manda, C.V.: Optimization of gold nanoparticles synthesis using design of experiments technique. Rev. Chim. 68, 1518–1523 (2017). https://doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.7.5707CrossRef

18.

Ilzarbe, L., Álvarez, M.J., Viles, E., Tanco, M.: Practical applications of design of experiments in the field of engineering: a bibliographical review. Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. 24, 417–428 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.909CrossRef

19.

Sarabia, L.A., Ortiz, M.C.: Response Surface Methodology. In: Comprehensive Chemometrics. pp. 345–390 (2009)

20.

Cavazzuti, M.: Optimization Methods: From theory to Design Scientific and Technological Aspects in Mechanics. Springer Science & Business Media 2012, Berlin (2013)CrossRef

21.

Karian, Z.A., Dudewicz, E.J.: Handbook of Fitting Statistical Distributions with R. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Roton (2016)CrossRef

22.

Lazić, Ž.R.: Design and Analysis of Experiments: Sections 2.1–2.2. In: Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering. pp. 157–262 (2005)

23.

da Rosa, M.F., Bortolini, B.L., da Silva, A.E.C., Carvalho, V.A., da Silva Lobo, V.: Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticulate zinc oxide: Preparation via sol-gel method and applications as a catalyst in the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride degradation. Fronteiras. 9, 473–487 (2020). https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2020v9i1.p473-487CrossRef

24.

Mahdavi, R., Ashraf Talesh, S.S.: Enhancement of ultrasound-assisted degradation of Eosin B in the presence of nanoparticles of ZnO as sonocatalyst. Ultrason. Sonochem. 51, 230–240 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.020CrossRef

25.

Yang, C., Li, Q.: ZnO inverse opals with deposited Ag nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 371, 118–127 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.039CrossRef

26.

Dewidar, H., Nosier, S.A., El-Shazly, A.H.: Photocatalytic degradation of phenol solution using Zinc Oxide/UV. J. Chem. Health Saf. 25, 2–11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2017.06.001CrossRef

27.

Rastkari, N., Eslami, A., Nasseri, S., Piroti, E., Asadi, A.: Optimizing parameters on nanophotocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen using UVC/ZnO processes by response surface methodology. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 26, 785–794 (2017). https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/64931CrossRef

28.

Deb, A., Kanmani, M., Debnath, A., Bhowmik, K.L., Saha, B.: Ultrasonic assisted enhanced adsorption of methyl orange dye onto polyaniline impregnated zinc oxide nanoparticles: Kinetic, isotherm and optimization of process parameters. Ultrason. Sonochem. 54, 290–301 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.028CrossRef

29.

Babajani, N., Jamshidi, S.: Investigation of photocatalytic malachite green degradation by iridium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: Application of response surface methodology. J. Alloys Compd. 782, 533–544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.164CrossRef

30.

Herrera-Rivera, R., Olvera, M.D.L.L., Maldonado, A.: Synthesis of ZnO nanopowders by the homogeneous precipitation method: use of taguchi’s method for analyzing the effect of different variables. J. Nanomater. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4595384CrossRef

31.

Manjunatha, C., Abhishek, B., Shivaraj, B.W., Ashoka, S., Shashank, M., Nagaraju, G.: Engineering the MxZn1−xO (M = Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+) nanoparticles for visible light-assisted catalytic mineralization of methylene blue dye using Taguchi design. Chem. Pap. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01113-5CrossRef

32.

Jena, M., Manjunatha, C., Shivaraj, B.W., Nagaraju, G., Ashoka, S., Sham Aan, M.P.: Optimization of parameters for maximizing photocatalytic behaviour of Zn 1–x Fe x O nanoparticles for methyl orange degradation using Taguchi and Grey relational analysis approach. Mater. Today Chem. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.01.004CrossRef

33.

Noman, M.T., Petru, M., Militkỳ, J., Azeem, M., Ashraf, M.A.: One-Pot sonochemical synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications, modelling and optimization. Materials (Basel) 13, 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010014CrossRef

34.

Dakhlaoui, A., Jendoubi, M., Smiri, L.S., Kanaev, A., Jouini, N.: Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology. J. Cryst. Growth. 311, 3989–3996 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.06.028CrossRef

35.

Wang, B.G., Shi, E.W., Zhong, W.Z.: Understanding and controlling the morphology of ZnO crystallites under hydrothermal conditions. Cryst. Res. Technol. 32, 659–667 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170320509CrossRef

36.

Akir, S., Barras, A., Coffinier, Y., Bououdina, M., Boukherroub, R., Omrani, A.D.: Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with different morphologies and their visible light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Rhodamine B. Ceram. Int. 42, 10259–10265 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.153CrossRef

37.

Koutu, V., Shastri, L., Malik, M.M.: Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mater. Sci. Pol. 34, 819–827 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0119CrossRef

38.

Moghri Moazzen, M.A., Borghei, S.M., Taleshi, F.: Change in the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles upon changing the reactant concentration. Appl. Nanosci. 3, 295–302 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0147-zCrossRef

39.

Romadhan, M., Suyatma, N.E., Taqi, F.M.: Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by precipitation method with their antibacterial effect. Indones. J. Chem. 16, 117–123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.14499/ijc-v16i2p117-123CrossRef

40.

Adam, R.E., Pozina, G., Willander, M., Nur, O.: Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by co-precipitation method for solar driven photodegradation of Congo red dye at different pH. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 32, 11–18 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2018.08.005CrossRef

41.

Siswanto, Hariyanto, M.: Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Mechano-Chemical Method by Utilizing 3D HEM (High Energy Milling). In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2020)

42.

Lhimr, S., Bouhlassa, S., Ammary, B.: Effect of molar ratio on structural and size of ZnO/C nanocomposite synthesized using a colloidal method at low temperature. Indones. J. Chem. 19, 422–429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.37932CrossRef

43.

Bindu, P., Thomas, S.: Estimation of lattice strain in ZnO nanoparticles: X-ray peak profile analysis. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 8, 123–134 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-014-0141-9CrossRef

44.

Ba-Abbad, M.M., Kadhum, A.A.H., Bakar Mohamad, A., Takriff, M.S., Sopian, K.: The effect of process parameters on the size of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel technique. J. Alloys Compd. 550, 63–70 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.076CrossRef

45.

Moharram, A.H., Mansour, S.A., Hussein, M.A., Rashad, M.: Direct precipitation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles. J. Nanomater. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/716210CrossRef

46.

Amornpitoksuk, P., Suwanboon, S., Sangkanu, S., Sukhoom, A., Muensit, N.: Morphology, photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of radial spherical ZnO nanorods controlled with a diblock copolymer. Superlattices Microstruct. 51, 103–113 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2011.11.002CrossRef

47.

Anju Chanu, L., Joychandra Singh, W., Jugeshwar Singh, K., Nomita Devi, K.: Effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye solution using manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. Results Phys. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.089CrossRef

48.

Khataee, A.R., Kasiri, M.B.: Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of nanostructured titanium dioxide: influence of the chemical structure of dyes. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2010.05.023CrossRef

49.

Bhatia, S., Verma, N.: Photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles with optimization of defects. Mater. Res. Bull. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.08.019CrossRef

50.

Irani, M., Mohammadi, T., Mohebbi, S.: Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with zno nanoparticles; a joint experimental and theoretical study. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 60, 218–225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v60i4.115CrossRef

51.

Tju, H., Prakoso, S.P., Taufik, A., Saleh, R.: Synthesis and characterization of noble metal nanocomposites: Ag/Fe3O4/ZnO and Ag/Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO for better photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (2017)

52.

Balcha, A., Yadav, O.P., Dey, T.: Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained from precipitation and sol-gel methods. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23, 25485–25493 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7750-6CrossRef

Titel: Facile synthesis of ZnO nanospheres by co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes: optimization via response surface methodology
verfasst von: Zainab Mohammad Redha
Hayat Abdulla Yusuf
Shaheer Burhan
Iftikhar Ahmed
Publikationsdatum: 06.03.2021
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 2008-9163
Elektronische ISSN: 2251-6832
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-020-00380-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2021

Microalgae cultivation in wastewater for simultaneous nutrients removal and biomass production

Analytical studies on deposition and entrainment present in the Venturi nozzle two-phase flow

Using DOE and RSM procedures to analyze and model a spray evaporation type solar still

Theoretical analysis of wind flow characteristics to investigate the mass and momentum parameters using a novel computational fluid dynamics-based approach

Flow mapping using 3D full-scale CFD simulation and hydrodynamic experiments of an ultra-supercritical turbine’s combined valve for nuclear power plant

Study on summer thermal performance of a solar ventilated window integrated with thermoelectric air-cooling system