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2023 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Flow Boiling of a Dilute Emulsion In Smooth and Rough Microgaps

verfasst von: Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Mechanical Engineering Series

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book elucidates heat transfer behavior for boiling of dilute emulsions- mixtures of two immiscible fluids- which has received little attention to date. Of the work completed in this area, the majority has been focused on pool boiling where no mean flow is present, and this book is the first major work to be published regarding flow boiling of emulsions. The book includes a comprehensive review and assessment of research on emulsion-based heat transfer. Recent experiments are reported and analyzed to characterize heat transfer in microgap flow boiling via a systematic investigation into the effects of gap size, mass flux, and volume fraction on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The emulsion used in all experiments comprises droplets of an immiscible electronics cooling fluid suspended in water. The volume provides a complete baseline for flow boiling of water in the microgaps, enabling a determination of the enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient when the disperse component is present. Moreover, a subset of the data set pertains to flow boiling of dilute emulsions over microporous surfaces. The flow conditions for which the microporous surfaces enhance or degrade heat transfer are presented. Finally, this book provides a discussion of the physical phenomena which affect boiling and a set of nondimensional numbers that can be used for correlation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The historical context of boiling research provides the foundation for the current investigation of flow boiling of a dilute emulsion in a microgap. Overarching objectives are to develop an experimental database applicable to thermal design via heat transfer correlations and to delineate from this database possible boiling mechanisms.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 2. Experimentation and Procedure
Abstract
Descriptions are given of the experimental apparatus and procedure used to obtain pressure drop and heat transfer measurements. The method of preparation and characterization of the porous surfaces is discussed with sufficient detail for replication by future investigators.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 3. Flow Boiling of Water in a Microgap
Abstract
The relevant literature for flow boiling in microgaps is presented, with a focus on how the experimental conditions affect heat transfer and the fluid flow. Flow regimes in microgaps generally follow those seen at larger scales, though the validity of using the Taitel-Dukler map to predict the flow regime at a given experimental condition has not been proven. A comparison to heat transfer in microchannels is also provided. Experimental results of a systematic series of measurements are described for flow boiling of water in microgaps of several sizes and mass flux. Inlet flow to the heated surface is laminar and fully developed. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients are summarized graphically, and a correlation for the heat transfer coefficient is presented.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 4. Flow Boiling of Dilute Emulsions in a Microgap
Abstract
Advances in pool and flow boiling of dilute emulsions are reviewed. The current consensus is that pool boiling is initiated on nucleation sites on the surface and that increased heat transfer coefficients are a result of mixing produced by vapor bubbles of the disperse component in the thermal boundary layer. Visualization of the boiling process substantiates this conclusion. Current understanding of the influence of various quantities on the convective heat transfer coefficient is enumerated with respect to the underlying thermodynamics and energy transport. Various models for boiling of emulsions are discussed, including droplet contact with the heated surface, droplet and bubble collisions, and chain boiling. Key modeling elements are how interphase transport and droplet interactions affect nucleation rates and droplet behavior within the viscous and thermal boundary layers at and near a heated surface. Experimental results are described for flow boiling of dilute emulsions of FC72-in-water in microgaps of several sizes, mass flux, and emulsion volume fraction. The emulsion heat transfer and pressure drop results are compared to boiling of water at similar experimental conditions, and conditions when emulsions increase heat transfer are identified.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 5. Flow Boiling on a Porous Surface
Abstract
The relevant literature regarding boiling of fluids on microporous surfaces is reviewed, including techniques for depositing microporous surfaces on a substrate. Focus is given to the effect of the microporous surface on the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) and critical heat flux (CHF). Experimental data is then presented for boiling heat transfer and pressure drop in microgaps with microporous surfaces. The experimental data is compared to heat transfer and pressure drop at similar experimental conditions with no microporous surfaces.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 6. Physical Mechanisms and Correlation
Abstract
Consideration is given to the differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the physical mechanisms for flow boiling of dilute emulsions. Seven dimensionless groups are identified and used in correlating the heat transfer coefficients for water and the emulsions. An ad hoc model based on superposition of heat transfer through a liquid droplet film and bare surface is suggested for determining the heat transfer coefficient.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Chapter 7. Conclusion
Abstract
The parameter space for flow boiling in microgaps has been expanded for a dilute emulsion of micro-droplets of FC72-in-water. Laminar flow boiling on a smooth surface provides new information on augmented heat transfer coefficients. Flow boiling on microporous surfaces reveals new trends and raises new questions for further investigation. In both cases, flow boiling of water, the continuous component, serves as the baseline to determine the extent to which boiling of the disperse component changes overall heat transfer coefficients. A comprehensive enumeration of key investigations that brings the field up to date is presented.
Brandon M. Shadakofsky, Francis A Kulacki
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Flow Boiling of a Dilute Emulsion In Smooth and Rough Microgaps
verfasst von
Brandon M. Shadakofsky
Francis A Kulacki
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-27773-3
Print ISBN
978-3-031-27772-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27773-3

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