nach oben

Small Business Economics

Erschienen in:

12.10.2022

Founder affiliations: jobseeker reactions and impact on employee recruitment by start-up ventures

verfasst von: Seung Hoon D. Chung, Simon C. Parker

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 1/2023

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Many entrepreneurs face challenges in hiring employees, in part because of information asymmetries between start-ups and jobseekers. This paper argues that the prestigious organizational affiliations of founders act as signals that can convey two distinct unobservable attributes: (1) founder-related attributes and (2) venture-related attributes. We perform a series of randomized controlled experiments with respondents who are searching for jobs or will do so in the near future. Our results show that a founder’s affiliations with prestigious organizations make a start-up venture more attractive to jobseekers, and that they do so by signaling founder-related attributes rather than venture quality. Furthermore, we also find that the effects of prestigious founder affiliations are likely to be particularly strong when recruiting jobseekers straight out of universities.

Vorheriger Artikel Global value chains, financial constraints, and innovation

Nächster Artikel Historiography and the excavation of nascent business venturing

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

This is unlikely to create a self-selection problem in our setting. If students are inattentive and react less to the signals in the experiment, that would reduce the treatment effect and make our results conservative estimates of the effects of founder affiliations. If, on the other hand, the students who participated in our study are those who want to excel and value employer quality, they would constitute an ideal good sample for testing our theory.

One of the questions in the preliminary questionnaire asked the participants to choose their area of specialization from the following list: management/strategy, marketing, entrepreneurship, accounting, finance/investment banking, or “other.” The experiment was set up so that the participants who recorded management/strategy, marketing, entrepreneurship, or “other” as their area of specialization were presented with the Business Analyst job post; and those who recorded finance/investment banking or accounting were presented with the Financial Analyst job post. The reason for having two different versions of job post was to reduce the number of participants who dismissed the opportunity as unattractive due to a mismatch between the job and their background (Stenard & Sauermann, 2016). Online Appendices 1 and 2 provide details of both types of job post.

The questions included in the Intention to Pursue scale are as follows: (1) I would accept a job offer from this company, (2) I would make this company one of my first choices as an employer, (3) If this company invited me for a job interview, I would go, (4) I would exert a great deal of effort to work for this company, and (5) I would recommend this company to a friend looking for a job. The questions included in the Organizational Attractiveness scale are as follows: (1) For me, this place would be a good place to work, (2) I would not be interested in this company except as a last resort (reverse coded), (3) This company is attractive to me as a place for employment, (4) I am interested in learning more about the company, and (5) A job at this company is appealing to me.

Subjective and objective measures of socioeconomic status are found to be similar in their relationship to various outcomes such as risk-taking and prosocial behavior (Kish-Gephart & Campbell, 2015; Piff et al., 2010). However, to verify the validity of the scale, which is subjective in nature, we calculated the Spearman’s rank correlation between the subjective scale and the parent’s combined income. The correlation between the participants’ perceived socioeconomic status and parent’s combined income was .72 (p < .001). The result is in line with previous research which shows a moderate to strong correlation between subjective and objective measures of socioeconomic class (Kish-Gephart & Campbell, 2015).

We made two slight changes to the vignettes. First, since the participants on Prolific are heterogeneous, we stated the salary of the job as Competitive instead of providing a fixed number (both for control and treatment group subjects). Second, since participants are no longer business students, they may not be familiar with the Boston Consulting Group. Therefore, we changed the employer (after MBA) to Amazon.

The elements included in the questions were as follows: (1) strong entrepreneurial capabilities of the founder that would foster venture success, (2) strong work ethic of the founder, (3) high IQ of the founder, (4) superior social capital (personal network) of the founder, (5) opportunity to gain access to the founder’s social network, (6) opportunity to learn from the founder, and (7) other resources of the founder.

To examine the ranking data, we coded the rankings so that the element with the highest rank was assigned a score of 7 and the score decreasing by 1 with each rank. The elements that were not selected to be ranked received a score of 0.

Some have argued for instance that credentials such as an Ivy League education are not useful for those who plan to pursue entrepreneurship because they have no need to appeal to employers who make hiring decisions based on such characteristics. An example of the argument can be found at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20130816025740-8451-if-you-want-to-be-an-entrepreneur-don-t-go-to-harvard/ [Accessed on 2021.09.29].

Acikgoz, Y. (2019). Employee recruitment and job search: Towards a multi-level integration. Human Resource Management Review, 29(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.009CrossRef

Akerlof, G. A. (1997). Social distance and social decisions. Econometrica, 65(5), 1005–1027. https://doi.org/10.2307/2171877CrossRef

Backes-Gellner, U., & Werner, A. (2007). Entrepreneurial signaling via education: A success factor in innovative start-ups. Small Business Economics, 29(1–2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-0016-9CrossRef

Bergh, D. D., Connelly, B. L., Ketchen, D. J., & Shannon, L. M. (2014). Signalling theory and equilibrium in strategic management research: An assessment and a research agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 51(8), 1334–1360. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12097CrossRef

Bergh, D. D., Ketchen, D. J., Orlandi, I., Heugens, P. P., & Boyd, B. K. (2019). Information asymmetry in management research: Past accomplishments and future opportunities. Journal of Management, 45(1), 122–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318798026CrossRef

Bernstein, S., Korteweg, A., & Laws, K. (2017). Attracting early-stage investors: Evidence from a randomized field experiment. The Journal of Finance, 72(2), 509–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12470CrossRef

Bickman, L., & Rog, D. J. (2008). The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods. Sage publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483348858CrossRef

Bidwell, M., Won, S., Barbulescu, R., & Mollick, E. (2015). I used to work at Goldman Sachs! How firms benefit from organizational status in the market for human capital. Strategic Management Journal, 36(8), 1164–1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2272CrossRef

Brown, C., & Medoff, J. L. (2003). Firm age and wages. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(3), 677–697. https://doi.org/10.1086/374963CrossRef

Burton, M. D., Dahl, M. S., & Sorenson, O. (2018). Do Start-ups Pay Less? ILR Review, 71(5), 1179–1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793917747240CrossRef

Campbell, B. A. (2013). Earnings effects of entrepreneurial experience: Evidence from the semiconductor industry. Management Science, 59(2), 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1593CrossRef

Certo, S. T. (2003). Influencing initial public offering investors with prestige: Signaling with board structures. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 432–446. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.10196754CrossRef

Chapman, D. S., Uggerslev, K. L., Carroll, S. A., Piasentin, K. A., & Jones, D. A. (2005). Applicant attraction to organizations and job choice: A meta-analytic review of the correlates of recruiting outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 928. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.928CrossRef

Chen, G., Hambrick, D. C., & Pollock, T. G. (2008). Puttin’on the Ritz: Pre-IPO enlistment of prestigious affiliates as deadline-induced remediation. Academy of Management Journal, 51(5), 954–975. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.34789666CrossRef

Clough, D. R., Fang, T. P., Vissa, B., & Wu, A. (2019). Turning lead into gold: How do entrepreneurs mobilize resources to exploit opportunities? Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 240–271. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0132CrossRef

Clougherty, J. A., Duso, T., & Muck, J. (2016). Correcting for self-selection based endogeneity in management research: Review, recommendations and simulations. Organizational Research Methods, 19(2), 286–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115619013CrossRef

Coad, A., Daunfeldt, S.-O., Johansson, D., & Wennberg, K. (2014). Whom do high-growth firms hire? Industrial and Corporate Change, 23(1), 293–327. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtt051CrossRef

Coad, A., Nielsen, K., & Timmermans, B. (2017). My first employee: An empirical investigation. Small Business Economics, 48(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9748-3CrossRef

Coad, A., Segarra, A., & Teruel, M. (2016). Innovation and firm growth: Does firm age play a role? Research Policy, 45(2), 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.10.015CrossRef

Colombo, M. G., Meoli, M., & Vismara, S. (2019). Signaling in science-based IPOs: The combined effect of affiliation with prestigious universities, underwriters, and venture capitalists. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 141–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.04.009CrossRef

Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310388419CrossRef

Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., & Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2CrossRef

D’Aveni, R. A. (1990). Top managerial prestige and organizational bankruptcy. Organization Science, 1(2), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1.2.121CrossRef

Eesley, C., & Wang, Y. (2017). Social influence in career choice: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on entrepreneurial mentorship. Research Policy, 46(3), 636–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.01.010CrossRef

Fernandez, R. M., Castilla, E. J., & Moore, P. (2000). Social capital at work: Networks and employment at a phone center. American Journal of Sociology, 105(5), 1288–1356. https://doi.org/10.1086/210432CrossRef

Finstad, K. (2010). Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: Evidence against 5-point scales. Journal of Usability Studies, 5(3), 104–110.

Galla, B. M., Shulman, E. P., Plummer, B. D., Gardner, M., Hutt, S. J., Goyer, J. P., … Duckworth, A. L. (2019). Why high school grades are better predictors of on-time college graduation than are admissions test scores: The roles of self-regulation and cognitive ability. American Educational Research Journal, 56(6), 2077-2115.https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219843292.

Ganotakis, P. (2012). Founders’ human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms. Small Business Economics, 39(2), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9309-0CrossRef

Gimeno, J., Folta, T. B., Cooper, A. C., & Woo, C. Y. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4), 750–783. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393656CrossRef

Gjerløv-Juel, P., & Guenther, C. (2019). Early employment expansion and long-run survival: Examining employee turnover as a context factor. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 80–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.05.005CrossRef

Greer, C. R., Carr, J. C., & Hipp, L. (2016). Strategic staffing and small-firm performance. Human Resource Management, 55(4), 741–764. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21693CrossRef

Grégoire, D. A., Binder, J. K., & Rauch, A. (2019). Navigating the validity tradeoffs of entrepreneurship research experiments: A systematic review and best-practice suggestions. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(2), 284–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.10.002CrossRef

Gulati, R., & Higgins, M. C. (2003). Which ties matter when? the contingent effects of interorganizational partnerships on IPO success. Strategic Management Journal, 24(2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.287CrossRef

Hand, J. R. (2008). Give everyone a prize? Employee stock options in private venture-backed firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(4), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.03.002CrossRef

Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Attentive Turkers: MTurk participants perform better on online attention checks than do subject pool participants. Behavior Research Methods, 48(1), 400–407. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0578-zCrossRef

He, L. (2008). Do founders matter? A study of executive compensation, governance structure and firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(3), 257–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2007.02.001CrossRef

Heckman, J. (1990). Varieties of selection bias. American Economic Review, 80(2), 313–318. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2006591. Accessed 30 May 2019

Higgins, M. C., & Gulati, R. (2006). Stacking the deck: The effects of top management backgrounds on investor decisions. Strategic Management Journal, 27(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.495CrossRef

Highhouse, S., Lievens, F., & Sinar, E. F. (2003). Measuring attraction to organizations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(6), 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164403258403CrossRef

Honoré, F., & Ganco, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial teams’ acquisition of talent: Evidence from technology manufacturing industries using a two-sided approach. Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3127CrossRef

Hsu, D. K., Simmons, S. A., & Wieland, A. M. (2017). Designing entrepreneurship experiments: A review, typology, and research agenda. Organizational Research Methods, 20(3), 379–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116685613CrossRef

Islam, M., Fremeth, A., & Marcus, A. (2018). Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.10.001CrossRef

Jones, D. A., Willness, C. R., & Madey, S. (2014). Why are job seekers attracted by corporate social performance? Experimental and field tests of three signal-based mechanisms. Academy of Management Journal, 57(2), 383–404. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0848CrossRef

Kaplan, S. N., Sensoy, B. A., & Strömberg, P. (2009). Should investors bet on the jockey or the horse? Evidence from the evolution of firms from early business plans to public companies. The Journal of Finance, 64(1), 75–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01429.xCrossRef

Katz, J. A., Aldrich, H. E., Welbourne, T. M., & Williams, P. M. (2000). Guest editor’s comments special issue on human resource management and the SME: Toward a new synthesis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870002500102CrossRef

Khoury, T. A., Junkunc, M., & Deeds, D. L. (2013). The social construction of legitimacy through signaling social capital: Exploring the conditional value of alliances and underwriters at IPO. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 569–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12030CrossRef

Kim, J. D. (2018). Is there a startup wage premium? Evidence from MIT graduates Research Policy, 47(3), 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.010CrossRef

Kish-Gephart, J. J., & Campbell, J. T. (2015). You don’t forget your roots: The influence of CEO social class background on strategic risk taking. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1614–1636. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.1204CrossRef

Kraus, S., Meier, F., & Niemand, T. (2016). Experimental methods in entrepreneurship research: The status quo. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(6), 958–983. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2016-0135CrossRef

Lee, N. (2014). What holds back high-growth firms? Evidence from UK SMEs. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9525-5CrossRef

Leung, A. (2003). Different ties for different needs: Recruitment practices of entrepreneurial firms at different developmental phases. Human Resource Management, 42(4), 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.10092CrossRef

Li, W., Krause, R., Qin, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, H., Lin, S., & Xu, Y. (2018). Under the microscope: A n experimental look at board transparency and director monitoring behavior. Strategic Management Journal, 39(4), 1216–1236. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2756CrossRef

List, J. A. (2004). The nature and extent of discrimination in the marketplace: Evidence from the field. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 49–89. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355304772839524CrossRef

Litwin, A. S., & Phan, P. H. (2013). Quality over quantity: Reexamining the link between entrepreneurship and job creation. ILR Review, 66(4), 833–873. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391306600405CrossRef

Millán, J. M., Congregado, E., & Román, C. (2014). Entrepreneurship persistence with and without personnel: The role of human capital and previous unemployment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(1), 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-011-0184-1CrossRef

Miller, D., Xu, X., & Mehrotra, V. (2015). When is human capital a valuable resource? The performance effects of Ivy League selection among celebrated CEOs. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 930–944. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2251CrossRef

Moser, K. J., Tumasjan, A., & Welpe, I. M. (2017). Small but attractive: Dimensions of new venture employer attractiveness and the moderating role of applicants’ entrepreneurial behaviors. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(5), 588–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.05.001CrossRef

Mullen, A. L. (2009). Elite destinations: Pathways to attending an Ivy League university. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 30(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690802514292CrossRef

Nyström, K. (2021). Working for an entrepreneur: Heaven or hell? Small Business Economics, 56(2), 919–931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00276-0CrossRef

Nyström, K., & Elvung, G. Z. (2014). New firms and labor market entrants: Is there a wage penalty for employment in new firms? Small Business Economics, 43(2), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9552-xCrossRef

Ouimet, P., & Zarutskie, R. (2014). Who works for startups? The relation between firm age, employee age, and growth. Journal of Financial Economics, 112(3), 386–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.03.003CrossRef

Ozmel, U., Reuer, J. J., & Gulati, R. (2013). Signals across multiple networks: How venture capital and alliance networks affect interorganizational collaboration. Academy of Management Journal, 56(3), 852–866. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0549CrossRef

Parker, S. C. (2018). The Economics of Entrepreneurship (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Parker, S. C., & Van Praag, M. (2010). Group status and entrepreneurship. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 19(4), 919–945. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00280.xCrossRef

Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092CrossRef

Podolny, J. M. (1993). A status-based model of market competition. American Journal of Sociology, 98(4), 829–872. https://doi.org/10.1086/230091CrossRef

Podolny, J. M. (1994). Market uncertainty and the social character of economic exchange. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(3), 458–483. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393299CrossRef

Pollock, T. G., Chen, G., Jackson, E. M., & Hambrick, D. C. (2010). How much prestige is enough? Assessing the value of multiple types of high-status affiliates for young firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.01.003CrossRef

Quinzii, M., & Rochet, J.-C. (1985). Multidimensional signalling. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 14(3), 261–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4068(85)90003-5CrossRef

Rao, H. (1994). The social construction of reputation: Certification contests, legitimation, and the survival of organizations in the American automobile industry: 1895–1912. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150904CrossRef

Reuer, J. J., Tong, T. W., & Wu, C.-W. (2012). A signaling theory of acquisition premiums: Evidence from IPO targets. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 667–683. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0259CrossRef

Rider, C. I. (2012). How employees’ prior affiliations constrain organizational network change: A study of US venture capital and private equity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 57(3), 453–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839212461633CrossRef

Rider, C. I., & Tan, D. (2015). Labor market advantages of organizational status: A study of lateral partner hiring by large US law firms. Organization Science, 26(2), 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0907CrossRef

Rivera, L. A. (2011). Ivies, extracurriculars, and exclusion: Elite employers’ use of educational credentials. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 29(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2010.12.001CrossRef

Roach, M., & Sauermann, H. (2015). Founder or joiner? The role of preferences and context in shaping different entrepreneurial interests. Management Science, 61(9), 2160–2184. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2100CrossRef

Rocha, V., Carneiro, A., & Varum, C. (2018). Leaving employment to entrepreneurship: The value of co-worker mobility in pushed and pulled-driven start-ups. Journal of Management Studies, 55(1), 60–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12318CrossRef

Rocha, V., & Van Praag, M. (2020). Mind the gap: The role of gender in entrepreneurial career choice and social influence by founders. Strategic Management Journal, 41(5), 841–866. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3135CrossRef

Roster, C. A., Lucianetti, L., & Albaum, G. (2015). Exploring slider vs. categorical response formats in web-based surveys. Journal of Research Practice, 11(1), D1. http://jrp.icaap.org/index.php/jrp/article/view/509/413. Accessed 30 May 2019

Sadeh, F., & Kacker, M. (2018). Quality signaling through ex-ante voluntary information disclosure in entrepreneurial networks: Evidence from franchising. Small Business Economics, 50(4), 729–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9892-4CrossRef

Sauermann, H. (2018). Fire in the belly? Employee motives and innovative performance in startups versus established firms. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(4), 423–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1267CrossRef

Schnabel, C., Kohaut, S., & Brixy, U. (2011). Employment stability in newly founded firms: A matching approach using linked employer–employee data from Germany. Small Business Economics, 36(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9188-4CrossRef

Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93CrossRef

Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219–237. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069452CrossRef

Shapira, Z., & Shaver, J. M. (2014). Confounding changes in averages with marginal effects: How anchoring can destroy economic value in strategic investment assessments. Strategic Management Journal, 35(10), 1414–1426. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2165CrossRef

Smart, M. (2000). Competitive insurance markets with two unobservables. International Economic Review, 41(1), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2354.00059CrossRef

Sørensen, J. B., & Fassiotto, M. A. (2011). Organizations as fonts of entrepreneurship. Organization Science, 22(5), 1322–1331. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0622CrossRef

Sorenson, O., Dahl, M. S., Canales, R., & Burton, M. D. (2021). Do startup employees earn more in the long run? Organization Science, 32(3), 587–604. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1371CrossRef

Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010CrossRef

Stenard, B. S., & Sauermann, H. (2016). Educational mismatch, work outcomes, and entry into entrepreneurship. Organization Science, 27(4), 801–824. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2016.1071CrossRef

Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 315–349. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666998CrossRef

Tan, D., & Rider, C. I. (2017). Let them go? How losing employees to competitors can enhance firm status. Strategic Management Journal, 38(9), 1848–1874. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2630CrossRef

Tushman, M. L., & Anderson, P. (1986). Technological discontinuities and organizational environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(3), 439–465. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392832CrossRef

Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004CrossRef

Williamson, I. O. (2000). Employer legitimacy and recruitment success in small businesses. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870002500104.

Williamson, I. O., Cable, D. M., & Aldrich, H. E. (2002). Smaller but not necessarily weaker: How small businesses can overcome barriers to recruitment. In J. Katz & T. Welbourne (Eds.), Managing People in Entrepreneurial Organiztions (pp. 83–106). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7540(02)05005-5

Younkin, P., & Kuppuswamy, V. (2018). The colorblind crowd? Founder race and performance in crowdfunding. Management Science, 64(7), 3269–3287. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2774CrossRef

Zaller, J., & Feldman, S. (1992). A simple theory of the survey response: Answering questions versus revealing preferences. American Journal of Political Science, 36(3), 579–616. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111583CrossRef

Zhao, H. (2013). Turning small business interns into applicants: The mediating role of perceived justice. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.003CrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A., & Zeitz, G. J. (2002). Beyond survival: Achieving new venture growth by building legitimacy. Academy of Management Review, 27(3), 414–431. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.7389921CrossRef

Titel: Founder affiliations: jobseeker reactions and impact on employee recruitment by start-up ventures
verfasst von: Seung Hoon D. Chung
Simon C. Parker
Publikationsdatum: 12.10.2022
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 1/2023
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00694-7

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2023

I believe I can fly: how target venture CEO overconfidence affects acquisition completion

Accelerating emergence: the causal (but contextual) effect of social impact accelerators on nascent for-profit social ventures

Historiography and the excavation of nascent business venturing

Global value chains, financial constraints, and innovation

Questions worth asking for futures worth making: an effectual approach

Resilient entrepreneurs? — revisiting the relationship between the Big Five and self-employment

Premium Partner