From value chain to value network: a systematic literature review

Although over the years several contributions to the concept of the value chain have been provided, there is no systematic literature review focused on its evolution. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. A final sample of 66 papers has been analysed through an historical approach. On the one hand, the value chain concept has been developed in order to reach new fields, while on the other hand, a new concept of a Value Network has appeared and seems to be more suitable in respect of the original value chain concept for designing and analysing business, in the increasingly complex world of today. When analysing the various papers, six key concepts emerged that guided this evolution from value chain to value network: sustainability, globalization, collaboration, intangible assets, flexibility, and agility. Furthermore, this paper is useful when deciding which tool to use to manage a company, whether to do business within a network and how to pursue a sustainable competitive advantage. Finally, further research suggestions about firms performance inside and outside a network and about networks creation are provided.