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2014 | Buch

Ultrafast Laser Induced Confined Microexplosion: A New Route to Form Super-Dense Material Phases Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Fundamentals of Laser-Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies

herausgegeben von: Vadim P. Veiko, Vitaly I. Konov

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book covers the state of the art of laser micro- and nanotechnology. The physical fundamentals of different processes and the application are presented. The book deals with different materials like phase change and memory alloys, thin films, polymers etc. New phenomena and mechanisms of laser-matter interaction in nano-domains are explained. This book is helpful for students, postgraduates, engineers and researches working not only in the field of laser microtechnology but also in high-tech industry, like photonics, microelectronics, information technology.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Laser–Matter Interaction Phenomena

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Ultrafast Laser Induced Confined Microexplosion: A New Route to Form Super-Dense Material Phases
Abstract
Intense ultrafast laser pulses tightly focused in the bulk of transparent material interact with matter in the condition where the conservation of mass is fulfilled. A strong shock wave generated in the interaction region expands into the surrounding cold material and compresses it, which may result in the formation of new states of matter. Here we show that the extreme conditions produced in the ultrafast laser driven micro-explosions can serve as a novel microscopic laboratory for high pressure and temperature studies well beyond the pressure levels achieved in a diamond anvil cell.
Ludovic Rapp, Bianca Haberl, Jodie E. Bradby, Eugene G. Gamaly, Jim S. Williams, Andrei V. Rode
Chapter 2. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Laser-Materials Interactions: General and Material-Specific Mechanisms of Material Removal and Generation of Crystal Defects
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of laser-materials interactions are capable of providing detailed information on the complex processes induced by the fast laser energy deposition and can help in the advancement of laser-driven applications. This chapter provides a brief overview of recent progress in the atomic- and molecular-level modeling of laser-materials interactions and presents several examples of the application of atomistic simulations for investigation of laser melting and resolidification, generation of crystal defects, photomechanical spallation, and ablation of metals and molecular targets. A particular focus of the analysis of the computational results is on revealing the general and material-specific phenomena in laser-materials interactions and on making connections to experimental observations.
Eaman T. Karim, Chengping Wu, Leonid V. Zhigilei
Chapter 3. Laser Nanocrystallization of Metals
Abstract
The results of experimental and theoretical studies of surface micro- and nanostructuring of metals and other materials irradiated directly by short and ultra-short laser pulses are reviewed. Special attention is paid to direct laser action involving melting of the material (with or without ablation), followed by ultrafast surface solidification, which is an effective approach to producing surface nanostructures.
Irina N. Zavestovskaya
Chapter 4. Optical Breakdown in Ambient Gas and Its Role in Material Processing by Short-Pulsed Lasers
Abstract
Formation of gas breakdown plasma, staying apart from the surface of materials exposed to pulsed laser radiation, is shown to have a strong impact to productivity and accuracy of micromachining. Origin and effect of two types of such plasmas are described: one is induced by low threshold breakdown of ambient gas contaminated by charged ablated nanoparticles; which is characteristic of nano- and subnanosecond lased ablation; the second is caused by ionization of gas at the leading edge of focused pico- and femtosecond pulses. The ways to eliminate undesirable plasma effects are discussed and demonstrated.
Sergey M. Klimentov, Vitaly I. Konov

Nanoparticles Related Technologies and Problems

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Laser Generation and Printing of Nanoparticles
Abstract
Different laser-based methods for the fabrication of nanoparticles and ordered nanoparticle structures, including possibilities for their functionalization and replication in polymeric materials, are discussed. Nanoparticles made from noble metals, supporting collective electron oscillations, and low absorbing dielectric nanoparticles, having large permittivity values, can both be resonantly excited by external electromagnetic fields which make them attractive for biophotonic and sensing applications. For applications in biomedicine especially polymeric nanoparticles, as drug delivery systems, are very important. Fabrication of all these types of nanoparticles can be realized with laser technologies, which are briefly reviewed in this chapter.
A. Barchanski, A. B. Evlyukhin, A. Koroleva, C. Reinhardt, C. L. Sajti, U. Zywietz, Boris N. Chichkov
Chapter 6. Light Scattering by Small Particles and Their Light Heating: New Aspects of the Old Problems
Abstract
A survey of recent results in light scattering by nanoparticles is presented. Special attention is paid to the case of particles from weakly dissipating materials, when the radiative damping prevails over the dissipative losses. It makes the scattering process completely different from the Rayleigh one. Peculiarities of the energy circulation in the near field zone are inspected in detail. The problem of optimization of the energy release in the particle is discussed. The chapter is concluded with consideration of laser heating of a metal particle in liquid important for biological and medical applications.
Michael I. Tribelsky, Boris S. Luk’yanchuk

Surface and Thin Films Phenomena and Applications

Frontmatter
Chapter 7. Laser-Induced Local Oxidation of Thin Metal Films: Physical Fundamentals and Applications
Abstract
Local laser oxidation of thin metal films allows recording of an optical image on thin films with the highest resolution and high productivity at the same time, and without distortions specific to laser ablation. A technique for writing of diffractive optical elements was developed on the basis of this process. Laser-matter interaction physics and laser technology underlying this method are described in this chapter.
Vadim P. Veiko, Alexander G. Poleshchuk
Chapter 8. Photophysics of Nanostructured Metal and Metal-Contained Composite Films
Abstract
In this chapter we give a brief introduction in the preparation and the optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles. We explain that their unique optical behavior is due to resonant absorption and scattering of light by the nanoparticles, i.e. by surface plasmon resonance’s. We show the influence of various parameters on the optical properties and demonstrate how the optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles can be tailored for certain applications. Finally, we highlight four intriguing applications, based on the expertise of the authors.
Nathalie Destouches, Frank Hubenthal, Tigran Vartanyan
Chapter 9. Selective Ablation of Thin Films by Pulsed Laser
Abstract
Laser direct patterning of thin films with minimal substrate damage is receiving attention in many industrial applications, e.g., photovoltaic or flat displays. Substantial progress has been made in understanding of the laser-matter interactions and reveals that laser-induced thermal effects are significantly critical in most of laser ablation processes. The thermal penetration depth, determined by the optical absorption and subsequently the thermal diffusion length, are heavily dependent on the applied laser pulse duration. The ratios between the film thickness, the thermal and the optical penetration depths separate the ablation to be film-like or bulk-like behavior of the thin-film ablation.
Andreas Ostendorf, Evgeny L. Gurevich, Xiao Shizhou

Bulk Micro Structuring of Transparent Materials

Frontmatter
Chapter 10. Reversible Laser-Induced Transformations in Chalcogenide- and Silicate-Based Optical Materials
Abstract
When exposed to laser light, materials such as chalcogenide and oxide glasses undergo various structural transformations. Often, the effect of light is to heat the material, which may lead to processes such as crystallization. However, there are numerous examples when the electronic excitation plays a very important role as well. In this chapter, we describe various light-induced phenomena in chalcogenide and silicate-based optical materials, putting major accent—where possible—on non-thermal processes. The chapter starts with chalcogenides, where such effects are more strongly pronounced. This is followed by laser-induced processes in silicates. Current applications of photo-induced phenomena in chalcogenides and silicates conclude the chapter. Readers are also invited to see the related chapter by Kononenko and Konov in this volume.
Alexander V. Kolobov, Junji Tominaga, Vadim P. Veiko
Chapter 11. Fs Laser Induced Reversible and Irreversible Processes in Transparent Bulk Material
Abstract
Laser-induced bulk modification of initially transparent solids is currently one of the hot topics in laser–matter interaction studies. The realization of these effects requires the application of focused intense beams of ultrashort pulsed (pulse durations \(<\)1 ps) lasers and the non-linear absorbtion of light in the focal volume. This chapter will describe various types of irreversible (permanent) changes inside amorphous and crystalline materials induced by sequences of fs laser pulses. To understand the mechanisms of fast material transformations, investigations of transient processes in the laser activated zone are strongly needed. The pump-probe optical technique combined with high temporal (fs) and spatial (um) resolution allows a better understanding of the problem. We shall focus on a number of transient phenomena: non-linear material optical response (Kerr effect), beam self-focusing, interband transitions and material ionization, carriers, and heat relaxation.
V. V. Kononenko, V. I. Konov

Laser-Induced Modification of Polymers

Frontmatter
Chapter 12. A Decade of Advances in Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Polymers: Mechanisms and Applications
Abstract
We overview principles and developments of three-dimensional (3D) direct laser writing in polymers. Challenges to reach efficient structuring with sub-100 nm spatial resolution are presented. Research into the structuring by ultrashort laser pulses has seen an immense growth over the last decade due to its flexibility, easy handling and variety of applications. Here, a discussion regarding the mechanisms of the linear and nonlinear light absorption at tight focusing conditions and typical writing parameters are provided. The traditional and novel polymers together with their photosensitization and sample developing strategies are reviewed. Sub-1 ps pulses are capable to create cross-linkable species by direct absorption and bond breaking at \(\sim \)TW/cm\(^2\) irradiance. Confined thermal and linear absorption via avalanche ionization is an efficient use of light energy for localized polymerization. This is a unique feature of ultrashort laser. Applications in microoptics, photonics, microfluidics and cell scaffolds are presented. Directions of up-scaling the fabrication throughput for industrial demands are introduced. 3D laser writing is becoming a part of wider field of additive manufacturing techniques which is innovating for creation of microdevices.
Mangirdas Malinauskas, Saulius Juodkazis
Chapter 13. Laser Nanostructuring of Polymers
Abstract
We discuss laser nanostructuring of polymer surfaces by means of interference and colloidal particle lens array approaches. We focus on laser swelling as a mechanism of surface structuring. 3D laser nanopolymerization, laser induced formation of metal nanoclusters within a polymer matrix as well as laser bubbling are also considered.
Nikita M. Bityurin
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Fundamentals of Laser-Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies
herausgegeben von
Vadim P. Veiko
Vitaly I. Konov
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-05987-7
Print ISBN
978-3-319-05986-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05987-7

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