nach oben

Small Business Economics

Erschienen in:

09.02.2018

Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure

verfasst von: Sharon A. Simmons, Johan Wiklund, Jonathan Levie, Steve W. Bradley, Sanwar A. Sunny

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Despite the significant role played by serial entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process, we know little about group differences in reentry decisions after business failure. Using an ecosystem framework and stigma theory, we investigate the variance in gender gaps related to the reentry decisions of 8171 entrepreneurs from 35 countries who experienced business failures. We find evidence of persisting gender gaps that vary across ecosystem framework conditions of public stigma of business failure and public fear of business failure. Our findings shed new light on ecosystem inefficiencies that arise from multiple interactions between entrepreneurs and institutions.

Vorheriger Artikel The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States

Nächster Artikel Gender-specifics in start-up strategies and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

www.gemconsortium.com

www.doingbusiness.org/methodology

ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm

We reran our main effects Model 3 in Table 2 without ‘other reasons or undisclosed’ cases and obtained similar results.

Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States

See Appendix for sample and key variable statistics by country.

Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43, 476–494.CrossRef

Aguinis, H., Gottfredson, R. K., & Culpepper, S. A. (2013). Best-practice recommendations for estimating cross-level interaction effects using multilevel modeling. Journal of Management, 39(6), 1490–1528.CrossRef

Ahl, H., & Nelson, T. (2010). Moving forward: institutional perspectives on gender and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 5–9.CrossRef

Arditti, J. (2005). Families and incarceration: an ecological approach. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 86(2), 251–260.CrossRef

Armour, J., & Cumming, D. (2008). Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship. American Law and Economics Review, 10(2), 303–350.CrossRef

Autio, E., Pathak, S., & Wennberg, K. (2013). Consequences of cultural practices for entrepreneurial behaviors. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(4), 334–362.CrossRef

Barbulescu, R., & Bidwell, M. (2013). Do women choose different jobs from men? Mechanisms of application segregation in the market for managerial workers. Organization Science, 24(3), 737–756.CrossRef

Bates, T. (2002). Restricted access to markets characterizes women-owned businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(4), 313–324.CrossRef

Berger, E. S., & Kuckertz, A. (2016). Female entrepreneurship in startup ecosystems worldwide. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5163–5168.CrossRef

Bönte, W., & Piegeler, M. (2013). Gender gap in latent and nascent entrepreneurship: driven by competitiveness. Small Business Economics, 41(4), 961–987.CrossRef

Bosma, N. (2013). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and its impact on entrepreneurship research. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 9(2).

Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, theoretical models of human development (Vol. 1, 5th ed., pp. 993–1028). New York: Wiley.

Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2004). Clearing the hurdles: Women building growth businesses. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

Cacciotti, G., Hayton, J., Mitchell, R., & Giazizoglu, A. (2016). A reconceptualization of fear of failure in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(3), 302–325.CrossRef

Cardon, M. S., Stevens, C. E., & Potter, D. R. (2011). Misfortunes or mistakes? Cultural sensemaking of entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 79–92.CrossRef

Coleman, S. (2000). Access to capital and terms of credit: a comparison of men- and women-owned small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), 37.

Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35–53.

Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: the self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96(4), 608.CrossRef

Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331.CrossRef

Davis, A. E., & Shaver, K. G. (2012). Understanding gender variations in business growth intentions across the life course. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 495–512.CrossRef

de Bruin, A., Brush, C. G., & Welter, F. (2007). Advancing a framework for coherent research on women’s entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 323–339.CrossRef

Djankov, S., Hart, O., McLiesh, C., & Shleifer, A. (2008). Debt enforcement around the world. Journal of Political Economy, 116(6), 1105–1149.CrossRef

Eddelston, K. A., & Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners’ career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 244–256.CrossRef

EOS Gallup Europe (2013). Flash Eurobarometer, No. 354. Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond. Brussels: Eurostat.

EOS Gallup Europe (2007). Flash Eurobarometer No. 192. Entrepreneurship survey of the EU 25. Brussels: Eurostat.

EOS Gallup Europe. (2010). Flash Eurobarometer No. 283. Entrepreneurship in the EU and beyond. Brussels: Eurostat.

Fairlie, R., & Robb, A. (2009). Gender differences in business performance: evidence from the characteristics of business owners survey. Small Business Economics, 33, 375–395.CrossRef

Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 151–168.CrossRef

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Guo, G., & Zhao, H. (2000). Multilevel modeling for binary data. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 441–462.CrossRef

Gupta, V. K., Goktan, A. B., & Gunay, G. (2014). Gender differences in evaluation of new business opportunity: a stereotype threat perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(2), 273–288.CrossRef

Hechavarría, D. M., Terjesen, S. A., Ingram, A. E., Renko, M., Justo, R., & Elam, A. (2016). Taking care of business: the impact of culture and gender on entrepreneurs’ blended value creation goals. Small Business Economics, 1–33.

Hessels, J., Grilo, I., Thurik, R., & Van der Zwan, P. (2011). Entrepreneurial exit and entrepreneurial engagement. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 21(3), 447–471.CrossRef

Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hsu, H., Simmons, S. A., & McKelvie, A. (2014). What matters, matters differently: a conjoint analysis of the decision policies of angel and venture capital investors. Venture Capital, 16(1), 1–25.CrossRef

Hughes, K. D., Jennings, J. E., Brush, C., Carter, S., & Welter, F. (2012). Extending women’s entrepreneurship research in new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 429–442.CrossRef

Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Institute of International European Affairs, Dublin.

Jenkins, A. S., Wiklund, J., & Brundin, E. (2014). Individual responses to firm failure: appraisals, grief, and the influence of prior failure experience. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 17–33.CrossRef

Jennings, J. E., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663–715.CrossRef

Kalnins, A., & Williams, M. (2014). When do female-owned businesses out-survive male-owned businesses? A disaggregated approach by industry and geography. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(6), 822–835.CrossRef

Kelley, D. J., Brush, C., Greene, P., Herrington, M., Ali, A., & Kew, P. (2015). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015 Women’s Entrepreneurship Special Report. London: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.

Klyver, K., Nielsen, S. L., & Evald, M. R. (2013). Women’s self-employment: an act of institutional (dis)integration? A multilevel, cross-country study. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 474–488.CrossRef

Koellinger, P., Minniti, M., & Schade, C. (2013). Gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(2), 213–234.CrossRef

Lebel, S., & Devins, G. M. (2008). Stigma in cancer patients whose behavior may have contributed to their disease. Future Oncology, 4(5), 717–733.CrossRef

Lee, S. H., Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M. W., & Barney, J. B. (2011). How do bankruptcy laws affect entrepreneurship development around the world? Journal of Business Venturing, 26(5), 505–520.CrossRef

Levie, J., & Hart, M. (2011). Global entrepreneurship monitor United Kingdom 2009 monitoring report. Birmingham, UK: Aston Business School.

Mantere, S., Aula, P., Schildt, H., & Vaara, E. (2013). Narrative attributions of entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 28, 459–473.CrossRef

Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurship: advancing debate and challenging myths: exploring the mystery of the under-performing female entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Behavioral Research, 19(1), 114–124.CrossRef

Marlow, S., Carter, S., & Shaw, E. (2008). Constructing female entrepreneurship policy in the UK: is the US a relevant benchmark? Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(2), 335–351.CrossRef

Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A dynamic model of entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(3), 5–5.

Mittal, D., Sullivan, G., Chekuri, L., Allee, E., & Corrigan, P. W. (2012). Empirical studies of self-stigma reduction strategies: a critical review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 63(10), 974–981.CrossRef

Neu, D., & Wright, M. (1992). Bank failures, stigma management, and the accounting establishment. Accounting, Organizations, and Society, 17, 645–665.CrossRef

OECD/European Union. (2015). Regional Ecosystem Scoreboard, European Cluster Observatory.

Phillips, D. J., & Zuckerman, E. W. (2001). Middle-status conformity: theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets. American Journal of Sociology, 107(2), 379–429.CrossRef

Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2008). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using Stata. College Station: Stata Press.

Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Reynolds, P. D., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., et al. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998–2003. Small Business Economics, 24, 205–231.CrossRef

Runyan, R. C., Huddleston, P., & Swinney, J. (2006). Entrepreneurial orientation and social capital as small firm strategies: a study of gender differences from a resource-based view. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(4), 455–477.CrossRef

Saxenian, A. (1994). Inside-out: regional networks and industrial adaptation in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, 2(2), 41–60.

Scott, J. (1986). Gender: a useful category of historical analysis. American Historical Review, 91, 1053–1075.CrossRef

Shabbir, A., & Di Gregorio, S. (1996). An examination of the relationship between women’s personal goals and structural factors influencing their decision to start a business: the case of Pakistan. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), 507–529.CrossRef

Shepherd, D. A., Douglas, E. J., & Shanley, M. (2000). New venture survival: ignorance, external shocks, and risk reduction strategies. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 393–410.CrossRef

Shinnar, R. S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012). Intentions: the role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493.CrossRef

Simmons, S., Wiklund, J., & Levie, J. (2014). Stigma and entrepreneurial failure: implications for entrepreneurs’ career choices. Small Business Economics, 42(3), 485–505.CrossRef

Simmons, S. A., Carr, J. C., Hsu, D. K., & Shu, C. (2016). The regulatory fit of serial entrepreneurship intentions. Applied Psychology, 65(3), 605–627.CrossRef

Sitkin, S. B. (1992). Learning through failure: the strategy of small losses. Research in Organizational Behavior, 14, 231–266.

Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769.CrossRef

Stam, E., Audretsch, D., & Meijaard, J. (2008). Renascent entrepreneurship. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 18(3–4), 493–507.CrossRef

Stangler, D., & Bell-Masterson, J. (2015). Measuring an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Kauffman Foundation Research Series on City, Metro, and Regional Entrepreneurship, 1–16.

Steensma, H. K., & Corley, K. G. (2001). Organizational context as a moderator of theories on firm boundaries for technology sourcing. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 271–291.

Stewart, E. A., Baumer, E. P., Brunson, R. K., & Simons, R. L. (2009). Neighborhood racial context and perceptions of police-based racial discrimination among black youth. Criminology, 47(3), 847–887.CrossRef

Sutton, R. I., & Callahan, A. L. (1987). The stigma of bankruptcy: spoiled organizational image and its management. The Academy of Management Journal, 30(3), 405–436.

Szerb, L., Acs, Z., Ortega-Argilés, R., & Komlosi, E., (2015). The entrepreneurial ecosystem: the regional entrepreneurship and development index. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2642514 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2642514.

Terjesen, S., Bosma, N., & Stam, E. (2015). Advancing public policy for high-growth, female, and social entrepreneurs. Public Administrative Review, 76, 230–239.CrossRef

Ucbasaran, D., Shepherd, D., Lockett, A., & Lyon, S. J. (2013). Life after business failure: the process and consequences of business failure for entrepreneurs. Journal of Management, 39(1), 163–202.CrossRef

UNDP (2016). Gender Inequality Index. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII.

Vaillant, Y., & Lafuente, E. (2007). Do different institutional frameworks condition the influence of local fear of failure and entrepreneurial examples over entrepreneurial activity? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(4), 313–337.CrossRef

Wayne, J. H., Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Kacmar, K. M. (2007). Work–family facilitation: a theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences. Human Resource Management Review, 17(1), 63–76.CrossRef

Weiner, B., Perry, R. P., & Magnusson, J. (1988). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(5), 738–748.CrossRef

Wennberg, K., Wiklund, J., DeTienne, D., & Cardon, M. (2010). Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial exit: divergent exit routes and their drivers. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(4), 361–375.CrossRef

Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2008). Portfolio entrepreneurship: habitual and novice founders, new entry, and mode of organizing. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 32(4), 701–725.

World Bank. (2010). World Development Indicators. Available online at http://www.worldbank.org.

Titel: Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure
verfasst von: Sharon A. Simmons
Johan Wiklund
Jonathan Levie
Steve W. Bradley
Sanwar A. Sunny
Publikationsdatum: 09.02.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9998-3

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States

Stories from the field: women’s networking as gender capital in entrepreneurial ecosystems

The cost of injustice: overall justice, emotional exhaustion, and performance among entrepreneurs: do founders fare better?

Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a 14-year panel study of GEM

Hospitalization due to stroke and myocardial infarction in self-employed individuals and small business owners compared with paid employees in Sweden—a 5-year study

Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: a social capital and network approach

Premium Partner