1. General Concepts of Pollution and Pollutants and Their Nature (Natural and Man-Made Sources of Pollution of the World’s Oceans)

The general concepts of pollution and contaminants are given. Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution of the World Ocean are analyzed. Modern problems of World Ocean pollution by the following pollutants and separate kinds of pollution are considered, among which: oil and oil products; water acidification; runoff—domestic waste discharged into the ocean; thermal pollution; electromagnetic pollution; radioactive pollution; chemical pollution; biological pollution. Three groups of pollutants are distinguished: conservative, biogenic and water-soluble. The ways of migration of pollutants and their transformation at the ocean-atmosphere interface, ocean-bottom sediments, ocean-land interface are considered. The sources and destruction of organic matter are considered.