Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
MTZ-Fachkongress

Antriebe und Energiesysteme von morgen


Austausch von Automobil- und Energiewirtschaft

Am 14./15. Mai geht es in Chemnitz um die Mobilitätswende durch Elektro- und Wasserstofffahrzeuge.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Fly Ash Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2011 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

verfasst von : Rafat Siddique, Mohammad Iqbal Khan

Erschienen in: Supplementary Cementing Materials

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. Blast-furnaces are fed with controlled mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone, and operated at a temperature of about 1,500°C. When iron-ore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are produced—molten iron, and molten slag. The molten slag is lighter and floats on the top of the molten iron. The molten slag comprises mostly silicates and alumina from the original iron ore, combined with some oxides from the limestone. The process of granulating the slag involves cooling of molten slag through high-pressure water jets. This rapidly quenches the slag and forms granular particles generally not bigger than 5 mm. The rapid cooling prevents the formation of larger crystals, and the resulting granular material comprises around 95% non-crystalline calcium-aluminosilicates. The granulated slag is further processed by drying and then grinding in a rotating ball mill to a very fine powder, which is GGBS.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Silica Fume
Nächstes Kapitel Metakaolin
Literatur
1.
ACI Committee 226: Ground granulated blast furnace slag as a cementitious constituent in concrete. ACI Mater. J. 84(4), 327–342 (1987)
2.
Aldea, C., Young, F., Wang, K., Shah, S.P.: Effect of curing conditions on properties of concrete using slag replacement. Cem. Concr. Res. 30(3), 465–472 (2000)CrossRef
3.
Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Rasheeduzzafar, M.M., Al-Mana, A.I.: Prediction of long-term corrosion resistance of plain and blended cement concretes. ACI Mater. J. 90(6), 564–570 (1993)
4.
ASTM C 232: Standard test methods for bleeding of concrete. ASTM Standards. 4.02:13942, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1992)
5.
ASTM C666-Part A: Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 03.02, 19428–2959, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1997)
6.
ASTM C 989: Standard specification for ground granulated blast-furnace slag for use in concrete and mortars. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1999)
7.
ASTM C1202: Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 4.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1997)
8.
ASTM C 876: Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1991)
9.
ASTM C 1012-95a: Standard test method for length change of hydraulic cement mortars exposed to a sulfate solution. Annual book of ASTM Standards, Section 4—Construction, Cement; Lime; Gypsum. vol. 04.01, pp. 450–456. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (1995)
10.
ASTM C39/C39 M: Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 4.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken (2004)
11.
Atis, C.D., Bilim, C.: Wet and dry cured compressive strength of concrete containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Build. Environ. 42(8), 3060–3065 (2007)CrossRef
12.
Binici, H., Cagatay, I.H., Shah, T., Kapur, S.: Mineralogy of plain Portland and blended cement pastes. Build. Environ. 43(7), 1318–1325 (2008)CrossRef
13.
Babu, K.G., Kumar, V.S.R.: Efficiency of GGBS in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 30(7), 1031–1036 (2000)CrossRef
14.
Ballim, Y., Graham, P.C.: A maturity approach to the rate of heat evolution in concrete. Mag. Concr. Res. 55(3), 249–256 (2003)CrossRef
15.
Ballim, Y., Graham, P.C.: The effects of supplementary cementing materials in modifying the heat of hydration of concrete. Mater. Struct. 42, 803–811 (2009)CrossRef
16.
Basheer, P.A.M., Gilleece, P.R.V., Long, A.E., McCarter, W.J.: Monitoring electrical resistance of concretes containing alternative cementitious materials to assess their resistance to chloride penetration. Cem. Concr. Compos. 24(5), 437–449 (2002)CrossRef
17.
Bouikni, A., Swamy, R.N., Bali, A.: Durability properties of concrete containing 50% and 65% slag. Construct. Build. Mater. 23(8), 2836–2845 (2009)CrossRef
18.
Cao, H.T., Bucea, L., Ray, A., Yozghatlian, S.: The effect of cement composition and pH of environment on sulfate resistance of Portland cements and blended cements. Cem. Concr. Compos. 19(2), 161–171 (1997)CrossRef
19.
Cheron, M., Lardinois, C.: In: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Tokyo, vol. IV, pp. 277–285 (1968)
20.
Cheng, A., Huang, R., Wu, J.K., Chen, C.H.: Influence of GGBS on durability and corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete. Mater. Chem. Phys. 93, 404–411 (2005)CrossRef
21.
Cakir, Ö., Aköz, F.: Effect of curing conditions on the mortars with and without GGBFS. Construct. Build. Mater. 22(3), 308–314 (2008)CrossRef
22.
Daube, J., Bakker, R.: Portland blast-furnace slag cement: a review. Blended Cement, ASTM-STP 897 pp. 5–14 (1986)
23.
Dhir, R.K., El-Mohr, M.A.K., Dyer, T.D.: Chloride binding in GGBS concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 26(12), 1767–1773 (1996)CrossRef
24.
Douglas, E., Bilodeau, A., Brandstetr, J.: Alkali activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag concrete: preliminary investigation. Cem. Concr. Res. 21(1), 101–108 (1991)CrossRef
25.
Elahi, A., Basheer, P.A.M., Nanukuttan, S.V., Khan, O.U.Z.: Mechanical and durability properties of high performance concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 24(3), 292–299 (2010)CrossRef
26.
El-Darwish, I., Kurdi, A., Mahmoud, H., El-Kair, H.A.: Mechanical properties and durability of Portland cement concrete incorporating ground steel making slag. AEJ Alex. Eng. J. 36, 1–14 (1997)
27.
Fearson, J.P.H.: Sulfate resistance of combination of Portland cement and granulated blast furnace slag. vol. 2, pp. 1495–1524. ACI Special Publication SP-91, Dr. Farmington Hills (1986)
28.
Gao, J.M., Qian, C.X., Liu, H.F., Wang, B., Li, L.: ITZ microstructure of concrete containing GGBS. Cem. Concr. Res. 35(7), 1299–1304 (2005)CrossRef
29.
Guo, L.P., Sun, W., Zheng, K.R., Chen, H.J., Liu, B.: Study on the flexural fatigue performance and fractal mechanism of concrete with high proportions of ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Cem. Concr. Res. 37(2), 242–250 (2007)CrossRef
30.
Gee, K.H.: The potential for slag in blended cements. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Cement Seminar, Rock Products, pp. 51–53 (1979)
31.
Gollop, R.S., Taylor, H.F.W.: Micro structural and micro analytical studies of sulfate attack IV. Reactions of a slag cement paste with sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions. Cem. Concr. Res. 26(7), 1013–1028 (1996)CrossRef
32.
Hester, D., McNally, C., Richardson, M.: A study of the influence of slag alkali level on the alkali–silica reactivity of slag concrete. Construct. Build. Mater. 19(9), 661–665 (2005)CrossRef
33.
Higgins, D.D.: Increased sulfate resistance of GGBS concrete in the presence of carbonate. Cem. Concr. Compos. 25(8), 913–919 (2003)CrossRef
34.
Higgins, D.D., Crammond, N.J.: Resistance of concrete containing GGBS to the thaumasite form of sulfate attack. Cem. Concr. Compos. 25(8), 921–929 (2003)CrossRef
35.
Hogan, F.J., Meusel, J.W.: Evaluation for durability and strength development of a ground granulated blast furnace slag. Cem. Concr. Aggreg. 3(1), 40–52 (1981)CrossRef
36.
Hooton, R.D., Titherington, M.P.: Chloride resistance of high-performance concretes subjected to accelerated curing. Cem. Concr. Res. 34(9), 1561–1567 (2004)CrossRef
37.
Huang, R., Yeih, W.C.: Assessment of chloride diffusion in high strength concrete using the accelerated ionic migration test. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 20, 39–45 (1997)
38.
Hui-sheng, S., Bi-wan, X., Xiao-chen, Z.: Influence of mineral admixtures on compressive strength, gas permeability and carbonation of high performance concrete. Construct. Build. Mater. 23(5), 1980–1985 (2009)CrossRef
39.
Hwang, C.L., Lin, C.Y.: Strength development of blended blast furnace slag cement mortars. ACI SP 91, 1323–1340 (1986)
40.
Jau, W.C., Tsay, D.S.: A study of the basic engineering properties of slag cement concrete and its resistance to sea water corrosion. Cem. Concr. Res. 28(10), 1363–1371 (1998)CrossRef
41.
Jianyong, L., Yan, Y.: A study on creep and drying shrinkage of high performance concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 31(8), 1203–1206 (2001)CrossRef
42.
Khatib, J.M., Hibbert, J.J.: Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin. Construct. Build. Mater. 19(6), 460–472 (2005)CrossRef
43.
Knaack, U., Stark, J.: Frost and frost-deicing salt resistance of super-sulfated cement concrete, frost resistance of concrete. In: Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop on Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing with or Without De-icing Chemicals. pp. 139–146. Essen, Germany (1997)
44.
Kwon, Y.: A study on the alkali-aggregate reaction in high-strength concrete with particular respect to the ground granulated blast-furnace slag effect. Cem. Concr. Res. 35(7), 1305–1313 (2005)CrossRef
45.
Li, G., Zhao, X.: Properties of concrete incorporating fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Cem. Concr. Compos. 25(3), 293–299 (2003)CrossRef
46.
Li, S., Roy, D.M.: Investigation of relations between porosity, pore structure and chloride diffusion of fly ash blended cement pastes. Cem. Concr. Res. 16(5), 749–759 (1986)CrossRef
47.
Luo, R., Cai, Y., Wang, C., Huang, X.: Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 33(1), 1–7 (2003)CrossRef
48.
Malhotra, V.M., Zhang, M.H., Read, P.H., Ryell, J.: Long-term mechanical properties and durability characteristics of high strength/high-performance concrete incorporating supplementary cementing materials under outdoor exposure conditions. ACI Mater. J. 97(5), 518–525 (2000)
49.
Mangat, P.S., El-Khatib, J.M.: Influence of initial curing on sulfate resistance of blended cement concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 22(6), 1089–1100 (1992)CrossRef
50.
Mangat, P.S., Molloy, B.T.: Influence of PFA, slag and microsilica on chloride induced corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 21(5), 819–834 (1991)CrossRef
51.
Mehta, P.K.: Concrete:Structure, Properties and Materials. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1986)
52.
Meusel, J.W., Rose, J,H.: Production of granulated blast furnace slag at sparrows point and the workability and strength potential of concrete incorporating the slag. vol. 79, pp. 867–890. ACI Special Publication SP, Dr. Farmington Hills (1983)
53.
Miura, T., Iwaki, I.: Strength development of concrete incorporating high levels of ground granulated blast-furnace slag at low temperatures. ACI Mater. J. 97(1), 66–70 (2000)
54.
Nanaumi, T., Ayuta, K., Yamakawa, T.: Frost resistance of antiwashout underwater concrete containing expanded plastic micro-spheres and blast-furnace slag. Semento Konkurito Ronbunshu 51, 90–95 (Chem. Abstr. 128, 208152) (1997)
55.
Neville, A.M.: Properties of Concrete, 3rd edn. Pitman, London (1981)
56.
Olorunsogo, F.T.: Particle size distribution of GGBS and bleeding characteristics of slag cement mortars. Cem. Concr. Res. 28(6), 907–919 (1998)CrossRef
57.
Oner, A., Akyuz, S.: An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 29(6), 505–514 (2007)CrossRef
58.
Osborne, G.J.: The effectiveness of a carbonated outer layer to concrete in the prevention of sulfate attack. In: Proceedings of International Conference on the Protection of Concrete, University of Dundee, UK (1990)
59.
Pal, S.C., Mukherjee, A., Pathak, S.R.: Corrosion behavior of reinforcement in slag concrete. ACI Mater. J. 99(6), 1–7 (2002)
60.
Pavía, S., Condren, E.: Study of the durability of OPC versus GGBS concrete on exposure to silage effluent. ASCE J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20(4), 313–320 (2008)CrossRef
61.
Puertas, F., Palacios, M., Gil-Maroto, A., Vázquez, T.: Alkali-aggregate behaviour of alkali-activated slag mortars: effect of aggregate type. Cem. Concr. Compos. 31(5), 277–284 (2009)CrossRef
62.
Quillin, K., Osborne, G., Majumdar, A., Singh, B.: Effects of w/c ratio and curing conditions on strength development in BRECEM concretes. Cem. Concr. Res. 31(4), 627–632 (2001)CrossRef
63.
RILEM draft recommendation: Measurement of hardened concrete carbonation depth. Mater. Struct. 3(102), 435–90 (1984)
64.
Roy, D.M., Idorn, G.M.: Hydration, structure, and properties of blast furnace slag cement, mortars, and concrete. Am. Concr. Inst. J. 79(6), 444–457 (1982)
65.
Roy, D.M., Jiang, W., Silsbee, M.R.: Chloride diffusion in ordinary, blended, and alkali-activated cement pastes and its relation to other properties. Cem. Concr. Res. 30(12), 1879–1884 (2000)CrossRef
66.
Stark, J., Frost resistance with and without deicing salt—a purely physical problem, frost resistance of concrete. In: Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop on Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing with or Without De-Icing Chemicals. pp. 83–99. Essen, Germany (1997)
67.
Stark, J., Ludwig, H.M.: Freeze–thaw and freeze-deicing salt resistance of concretes containing cement rich in granulated blast furnace slag. ACI Mater. J. 94(1), 47–55 (1997)
68.
Stutterheim, N.: Portland blast furnace cements—a case for separate grinding of slag. In: Fifth International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cement, Tokyo, pp. 270–276 (1968) (Supplementary Paper IV-113)
69.
Sulapha, P., Wong, S.F., Wee, T.H., Swaddiwudhipong, S.: Carbonation of concrete containing mineral admixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 15(2), 134–143 (2003)CrossRef
70.
Tasong, W.A., Wild, S., Tilley, R.J.D.: Mechanism by which ground granulated blast furnace slag prevents sulfate attack of lime stabilized kaolinite. Cem. Concr. Res. 29(7), 975–982 (1999)CrossRef
71.
Torii, K., Sasatani, T., Kawamura, M.: Effects of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume on resistance of mortar to calcium chloride attack. In: Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, SP-153 vol. 2, pp. 931–949, American Concrete Institute (1995)
72.
Ujhelyi, J.E., Ibrahim, A.J.: Hot weather concreting with hydraulic additives. Cem. Concr. Res. 21(2–3), 345–354 (1991)CrossRef
73.
Wainwright, P.J., Ait-Aider, H.: The influence of cement source and slag additions on the bleeding of concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 25(7), 1445–1456 (1995)CrossRef
74.
Wainwright, P.J., Rey, N.: The influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) additions and time delay on the bleeding of concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 22(4), 253–257 (2000)CrossRef
75.
Wan, H., Shui, Z., Lin, Z.: Analysis of geometric characteristics of GGBS particles and their influences on cement properties. Cem. Concr. Res. 34(1), 133–137 (2004)CrossRef
76.
77.
Xu, Y.: The influence of sulfates on chloride binding and pore solution chemistry. Cem. Concr. Res. 27(12), 1841–1850 (1997)CrossRef
78.
Yeau, K.Y., Kim, E.K.: An experimental study on corrosion resistance of concrete with ground granulate blast-furnace slag. Cem. Concr. Res. 35(7), 1391–1399 (2005)CrossRef
79.
Yuksel, I., Bilir, T., Ozkan, O.: Durability of concrete incorporating non-ground blast furnace slag and bottom ash as fine aggregate. Build. Environ. 42(7), 2651–2659 (2007)CrossRef
80.
Zhang, Y.J., Zhao, Y.L., Li, H.H., Xu, D.L.: Structure characterization of hydration products generated by alkaline activation of granulated blast furnace slag. J. Mater. Sci. 43(22), 7141–7147 (2008)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
verfasst von
Rafat Siddique
Mohammad Iqbal Khan
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Supplementary Cementing Materials

Print ISBN: 978-3-642-17865-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-17866-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2011

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5_3

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise