High content cellulosic Abelmoschus esculentus fibre and tamarind kernel powder–reinforced epoxy composite

This research investigates the mechanical, thermal stability, and water absorption behaviour of silane-treated high content cellulose Abelmoschus esculentus (okra fibre) and macromolecule tamarind kernel powder (MTP)–toughened epoxy composites. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of adding surface-modified high content cellulose okra fibre (CCO) and the contribution of tamarind kernel macromolecule powder to various properties of epoxy resin composite. The fibre and particle were surface-treated by an amino silane (3- Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The composites were fabricated by the hand lay-up process and post cured at 120 °C. The outcomes of the Izod impact tests indicated that the combination of surface-treated okra fibre and tamarind kernel powder increased the resistance to damage. Similarly, the tensile, flexural, and thermal tests reported improvements in load-bearing and high thermal stability. The hardness test and SEM images revealed enhanced adhesion and distribution of kernel particles in the resin, resulting in a maximum attainable hardness of 93 shore-D. Moreover, the contact angle of the silane-treated composites was higher, indicating a retained hydrophobicity. Such mechanical, thermal, and impact toughness, as well as hardness improved composites with higher hydrophobic nature, would be highly preferable for structural and industrial applications like automobile body parts, armour guards in defence, sports goods, and domestic appliances manufacturing.