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Journal of Happiness Studies

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18.01.2023 | Research Paper

How Stable are Life Domain Evaluations over Time? A 20-Year Study

verfasst von: Mohsen Joshanloo

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 2/2023

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of satisfaction with eight domains of life as well as satisfaction with life in general. The study used a nationally representative Australian sample collected during 20 years between 2001 and 2020 (N = 33,341). Using the Multi-Trait-Multi-State model, the total variance in each item was partitioned into three components: common consistency (proportion of variance attributable to stable influences), occasion specificity (proportion of variance attributable to situational influences or person-situation interactions), and measurement error (proportion of variance attributable to random and nonsystematic influences). The consistency, specificity, and error estimates for the nine items averaged about 48%, 11%, and 41%, respectively. Satisfaction with health, financial situation, and general life was more stable than variable, whereas the other domains were more variable than stable. The most stable item was satisfaction with health and the least stable was satisfaction with the home in which one lives. On average, domain satisfaction was less stable than general life satisfaction. Satisfaction with housing, safety, and health were the best predictors of general life satisfaction. A supplementary analysis showed that life evaluations were less stable in young adulthood than in older age.

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It is worth noting that some researchers derive a measure of general satisfaction by averaging domain satisfaction items (Hsieh, 2021). However, for this study, the distinction between general life satisfaction and domain satisfaction is crucial. Therefore, general life satisfaction here refers exclusively to what is measured by questions about general life rather than specific life domains.

This decision is justifiable for two reasons: 1- The variance decomposition results were not substantially affected by the number of waves included. Thus, the results with 5 waves would be similar to the results with 20 waves. 2- Using a longer time period (e.g., 10 or 20 years) would include more individuals who entered the study in later waves and had no data for the initial waves. This would result in substantial amount of missing data for these respondents, leading to convergence and coverage problems in younger age groups.

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Titel: How Stable are Life Domain Evaluations over Time? A 20-Year Study
verfasst von: Mohsen Joshanloo
Publikationsdatum: 18.01.2023
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00618-6

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