Introduction
Method
ASCOT-Carer
Best–worst scaling and time trade-off
Subjects and the survey process
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic factors
BWS population (N = 914) | TTO population (N = 220) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 435 | 47.6% | 110 | 50.0% |
Female | 479 | 52.4% | 110 | 50.0% |
Age | ||||
20–29 | 121 | 13.2% | 44 | 20.0% |
30–39 | 130 | 14.2% | 44 | 20.0% |
40–49 | 135 | 14.8% | 44 | 20.0% |
50–59 | 163 | 17.8% | 44 | 20.0% |
60–69 | 180 | 19.7% | 44 | 20.0% |
70–79 | 185 | 20.2% | – | – |
Population of living municipality | ||||
> 1,500,000 | 232 | 25.4% | – | – |
500,000–1,500,000 | 176 | 19.3% | – | – |
200,000–500,000 | 188 | 20.6% | – | – |
50,000–200,000 | 217 | 23.7% | – | – |
< 50,000 | 101 | 11.1% | – | – |
Employment | ||||
Full-time worker | 287 | 31.4% | 134 | 60.9% |
Part-time worker | 133 | 14.6% | 35 | 15.9% |
Self-employment | 76 | 8.3% | 9 | 4.1% |
Retired | 97 | 10.6% | 3 | 1.4% |
Houseworker | 181 | 19.8% | 18 | 8.2% |
Student | 32 | 3.5% | 18 | 8.2% |
Others | 108 | 11.8% | 3 | 1.4% |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried | 293 | 32.1% | 83 | 37.7% |
Married | 536 | 58.6% | 125 | 56.8% |
Others | 85 | 9.3% | 12 | 5.5% |
Education | ||||
Elementary or Junior high school | 27 | 3.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
High school | 275 | 30.1% | 49 | 22.3% |
College | 182 | 19.9% | 60 | 27.3% |
University or graduate | 424 | 46.4% | 111 | 50.5% |
Others | 6 | 0.7% | 0 | 0.0% |
Household income (JPY) | ||||
< 1 million | 44 | 4.8% | 1 | 4.5% |
1 million–2 million | 68 | 7.4% | 3 | 1.4% |
2 million–3 million | 94 | 10.3% | 13 | 5.9% |
3 million–4 million | 120 | 13.1% | 25 | 11.4% |
4 million–5 million | 116 | 12.7% | 23 | 10.5% |
5 million–7 million | 133 | 14.6% | 52 | 23.6% |
7 million–10 million | 122 | 13.4% | 49 | 22.3% |
10 million–15 million | 51 | 5.6% | 26 | 11.8% |
15 million–20 million | 12 | 1.3% | 8 | 3.6% |
> 20 million | 7 | 0.8% | 4 | 1.8% |
Unknown | 147 | 16.1% | 16 | 7.3% |
Results of the BWS and TTO tasks
Variables | Domain | Coefficient | SE | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
β1 | Occupation | 0.908 | 0.060 | < 0.001 |
SD(β1) | 0.000 | 0.227 | ||
β2 | Control over daily life | 0.292 | 0.060 | < 0.001 |
SD(β2) | 0.118 | 1.295 | ||
β3 | Looking after yourself | 0.666 | 0.061 | < 0.001 |
SD(β3) | 0.741 | 0.152 | ||
β4 | Personal safety | 0.400 | 0.060 | < 0.001 |
SD(β4) | 0.834 | 0.150 | ||
β5 | Social participation and involvement | 0.346 | 0.060 | < 0.001 |
SD(β5) | 0.975 | 0.135 | ||
β6 | Space and time to be yourself | 2.062 | 0.064 | < 0.001 |
SD(β6) | 0.509 | 0.138 | ||
β7 | Feeling supported and encouraged | 0.360 | 0.068 | < 0.001 |
SD(β7) | 1.114 | 0.124 | ||
β11 | Occupation | 4.764 | 0.067 | < 0.001 |
β12 | 4.549 | 0.062 | < 0.001 | |
β13 | 1.249 | 0.062 | < 0.001 | |
β21 | Control over daily life | 4.532 | 0.066 | < 0.001 |
β22 | 4.085 | 0.065 | < 0.001 | |
β23 | 0.756 | 0.060 | < 0.001 | |
β31 | Looking after yourself | 4.703 | 0.068 | < 0.001 |
β32 | 4.433 | 0.066 | < 0.001 | |
β33 | 0.952 | 0.060 | < 0.001 | |
β41 | Personal safety | 3.891 | 0.067 | < 0.001 |
β42 | 3.237 | 0.067 | < 0.001 | |
β43 | 1.118 | 0.059 | < 0.001 | |
β51 | Social participation and involvement | 3.612 | 0.070 | < 0.001 |
β52 | 3.038 | 0.070 | < 0.001 | |
β53 | 2.143 | 0.063 | < 0.001 | |
β61 | Space and time to be yourself | 4.683 | 0.071 | < 0.001 |
β62 | 4.301 | 0.071 | < 0.001 | |
β71 | Feeling supported and encouraged | 3.904 | 0.079 | < 0.001 |
β72 | 3.485 | 0.077 | < 0.001 | |
β73 | 1.757 | 0.067 | < 0.001 |
State | N | Mean |
---|---|---|
1112121 | 55 | 0.867 |
1131122 | 55 | 0.809 |
1131221 | 55 | 0.835 |
1144222 | 55 | 0.603 |
1241432 | 55 | 0.559 |
1314443 | 55 | 0.367 |
1322113 | 55 | 0.764 |
2111111 | 55 | 0.885 |
2122111 | 55 | 0.833 |
2124424 | 55 | 0.401 |
2141111 | 55 | 0.841 |
2221321 | 55 | 0.845 |
2234134 | 55 | 0.527 |
2431322 | 55 | 0.633 |
2433111 | 55 | 0.621 |
2444334 | 55 | 0.485 |
3133342 | 55 | 0.401 |
3324333 | 55 | 0.424 |
3343433 | 55 | 0.300 |
3344443 | 55 | 0.101 |
3421121 | 55 | 0.707 |
3434433 | 55 | 0.304 |
4131341 | 55 | 0.433 |
4212211 | 55 | 0.636 |
4332234 | 55 | 0.350 |
4333221 | 55 | 0.547 |
4344433 | 55 | 0.237 |
4344444 | 55 | − 0.005 |
4434433 | 55 | 0.234 |
4444323 | 55 | 0.185 |
4444444 | 110 | 0.011 |
Preference weight
Domain | Level | Weight |
---|---|---|
Occupation | 1 | 0.173 |
2 | 0.166 | |
3 | 0.066 | |
4 | 0.028 | |
Control over daily life | 1 | 0.147 |
2 | 0.133 | |
3 | 0.032 | |
4 | 0.009 | |
Looking after yourself | 1 | 0.163 |
2 | 0.155 | |
3 | 0.049 | |
4 | 0.020 | |
Personal safety | 1 | 0.131 |
2 | 0.111 | |
3 | 0.046 | |
4 | 0.012 | |
Social participation and involvement | 1 | 0.121 |
2 | 0.103 | |
3 | 0.076 | |
4 | 0.011 | |
Space and time to be yourself | 1 | 0.205 |
2 | 0.194 | |
3 | 0.063 | |
4 | 0.000 | |
Feeling supported and encouraged | 1 | 0.130 |
2 | 0.117 | |
3 | 0.064 | |
4 | 0.011 |