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Journal of Happiness Studies

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31.03.2021 | Research Paper

Kindness as an Intervention for Student Social Interaction Anxiety, Resilience, Affect, and Mood: The KISS of Kindness Study II

verfasst von: Katie J. Shillington, Andrew M. Johnson, Tara Mantler, Shauna M. Burke, Jennifer D. Irwin

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 8/2021

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of deliberate acts of kindness (DAKs) plus access to a stress management booklet (intervention), compared to the booklet alone (control) on the stress-related outcomes of resilience, social interaction anxiety, affect, and mood of undergraduate and graduate students. Participants’ study-related experiences were also explored, as were the types of DAKs. This repeated-measures, randomized controlled trial included 112 students (80 undergraduate and 32 graduate) with 56 in each condition. Four previously validated scales were implemented at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and 3-months post-intervention. A linear mixed effects model was utilized with group and time entered as fixed effects. Content analysis of open-ended question responses and DAKs logs was conducted. The KISS of Kindness II had a statistically significant interaction effect on the intervention group participants’ resilience (p = 0.0099), social anxiety (p = 0.0016), and negative affect (p = 0.0033), but had no significant impact on their positive affect or mood. Intervention participants described improvements in mental wellbeing. DAKs were plentiful (1,542 DAKs, 26 types), and show promise for university-based mental health interventions.

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DAKs instructions for participants and the Relaxation and Stress Management Booklet can be found in the supplementary material.

Mood was selected as an exploratory outcome given that we were primarily interested in measuring participants’ short-term emotional state (affect) as acts of kindness tend to have more of an immediate impact (Kaufmann et al., 2020). Further, mood has been criticized for reporting bias by the participant (Kaufmann et al., 2020).

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Titel: Kindness as an Intervention for Student Social Interaction Anxiety, Resilience, Affect, and Mood: The KISS of Kindness Study II
verfasst von: Katie J. Shillington
Andrew M. Johnson
Tara Mantler
Shauna M. Burke
Jennifer D. Irwin
Publikationsdatum: 31.03.2021
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 8/2021
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00379-0

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