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2017 | Buch

Theory and Technology of Rock Excavation for Civil Engineering

verfasst von: Dingxiang Zou

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book summarizes the technical advances in recent decades and the various theories on rock excavation raised by scholars from different countries, including China and Russia. It not only focuses on rock blasting but also illustrates a number of non-blasting methods, such as mechanical excavation in detail. The book consists of 3 parts: Basic Knowledge, Surface Excavation and Underground Excavation. It presents a variety of technical methods and data from diverse sources in the book, making it a valuable theoretical and practical reference resource for engineers, researchers and postgraduates alike.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Basics

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Geology

Abstract

The categories of the rock in the Earth and their properties, the geological structures of rock mass and effects to the excavation engineering are introduced in this chapter. The classification of rock sturdiness is discussed as well.

Dingxiang Zou

Chapter 2. Rock Drilling

Abstract

Drilling, in the field of rock excavation by drilling and blasting, even for excavation by non-blasting method, is the first and essential operation. The drilling mechanism, rock drillability and its classification, different drilling methods, equipment, tools and accessories and how to select them are illustrated in this chapter.

Dingxiang Zou

Chapter 3. Explosives

Abstract

Use of explosive to excavate hard rock is one the most important inventions in the human history. In this chapter the history of explosive development, the theory of the detonation of explosives, the classification of explosives and different industrial explosives and their properties are illustrated in detail.

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Chapter 4. Initiation System

Abstract

There are three categories of initiation system: devices for generating a detonation, articles for transferring a detonation and devices for enhancing the detonation. In this chapter all the three categories of the initiation system are discussed, especially the different kinds of detonators and their application in rock blasting.

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Chapter 5. Mechanisms of Rock Breakage by Blasting

Abstract

The theories of the mechanism of rock breakage by blasting and the classification of rock blastability are discussed in this chapter.

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Chapter 6. Blasting Assessment Report

Abstract

Due to rock excavation by blasting and the transport, storage and use of explosives can adversely affect the nearby properties and public, a blasting assessment should be undertaken in the design stage and in advance of the blasting works. In this chapter the contents of the Blasting Assessment Report (BAR) and how to prepare it according to the practice in Hong Kong will be discussed in detail.

Dingxiang Zou

Surface Excavation

Frontmatter

Chapter 7. Non-blasting Excavation

Abstract

As the restriction of the surrounding conditions, non-blasting method of rock excavation have to be use. Different kinds of non-blasting methods for rock excavation are introduced in this chapter.

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Chapter 8. Bench Blasting

Abstract

Bench blasting is the most common and basic method of surface rock excavation. Blasting parameters, explosives charging calculation, firing method and firing sequence are discussed in detail in this chapter.

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Chapter 9. Trench Blasting

Abstract

Trench Blasting is a part of the construction work for the excavation of different sizes of trenches for different pipelines. Trench excavation with explosives presents a series of particular characteristics which are different from bench blasting. As most trench blasting work is within or near urban areas, particular concern on the blasting safety is an important issue.

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Chapter 10. Contour Blasting Technique for Surface Excavation

Abstract

Contour blasting is also called controlled blasting as its main purpose is to minimize the damage to the rock (overbreak) beyond the boundary of the designed contour of the excavation. Varies of contour blasting techniques and their mechanism, contour blasting design and working methods are illustrated in this chapter.

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Chapter 11. Blasting Safety for Surface Blasting

Abstract

One of the largest single problems that face a blasting contractor is blasting safety. The principal disturbances created by blasting are flyrock, ground vibration and air blast which may cause damage to structure nearby and the source of serious conflict with the inhabitants who live close to the operation. In this chapter, all these adverse effects caused by blasting, controlling measures, precaution and protective methods are discussed in detail.

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Chapter 12. Blasting Models and Computer-Aided Design for Bench Blasting

Abstract

Rock blasting model includes two kinds of models, empirical models and theoretical models. In this chapter some models for bench blasting, including empirical models and theoretical models, will be introduced briefly. Computer-aided design (CAD) packages for drilling and blasting operations is designed to perform procedures with preparation of technical documentation for drilling and blasting operations of rock excavation, especially for open pit production. Some successful CAD programs are introduced as well in this chapter.

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Underground Excavation

Frontmatter

Chapter 13. Introduction

Abstract

Type and features of underground excavation, relationship between underground excavation and environment and methods of underground excavation in rock are discussed briefly in this chapter.

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Chapter 14. Mechanical Underground Excavation in Rock

Abstract

Mechanical methods for underground excavation have the most advantage of less disturbance to the surround environment, especially in the urban area and complex ground conditions. Drilling and Breaking method, roadheader, raise boring machines, tunnel and shaft boring machines (TBM & SBM) and Bored pile are introduced in this chapter. Along with the development of materials science and machine manufacturing, Raise boring machines, TBM and SBM are more and mare used in underground excavation, especially for the long tunnel driving and they are discussed a little more in this chapter.

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Chapter 15. Other Underground Excavation Methods

Abstract

Cut and Cover tunnel, jacked box tunneling and pipe jacking are illustrated in this chapter as other underground excavation methods.

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Chapter 16. Introduction to Underground Excavation by Drilling and Blasting

Abstract

Drilling and blasting are the most common methods for tunnelling and underground excavation. Working cycle of D & B excavation, excavation methods and charging methods for tunnels driving, shafts sinking and raise driving are illustrated in this chapter.

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Chapter 17. Contour Blasting for Underground Excavation

Abstract

For reducing the damage to surrounding rock beyond the excavation profile and also achieving a relative smooth surface of the roof and walls, smooth blasting as the main contour blasting technique is usually used in underground excavations. The characters of smooth blasting, Charge calculation and charging methods are introduced in this chapter.

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Chapter 18. Blasting Design for Underground Excavation

Abstract

In this chapter, blasting designs for tunnels and shafts, including drillholes patters, explosive charging calculation and firing sequences are illustrated in detail. As the case studies, the usage of electronic detonators for tunnel blasting are introduced. The computer aided tunnel design and management systems developed by Sandvik and Atlas Copco are also introduced briefly.

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Chapter 19. Loading and Transportation for Underground Excavation

Abstract

Varies methods of loading and haulage for tunnel driving and loading and hoisting in shaft sinking are illustrated in this chapter.

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Chapter 20. Ventilation for Underground Excavation

Abstract

The object of ventilation in a tunnel or shaft is to provide fresh air or to extract pollutants, in order to achieve an acceptable environment. The requirement of ventilation for underground excavation, fans and ducts to be used, three type of ventilation systems, ventilation design and ventilation optimization are illustrated in this chapter.

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Chapter 21. Ground Reinforcement and Support

Abstract

Effects of the stability of rock mass to underground excavation and the classification of stability of rock mass for excavation are discussed first in this chapter. Then the methods of ground pre-reinforcement for excavation, including ground freezing and grouting, are introduced. A variety of support methods for initial stage and permanent are illustrated in detail.

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Chapter 22. Monitoring and Instrumentation for Underground Excavation

Abstract

All underground constructions require monitoring by direct observation or by instrumentation. In this chapter, typically used monitoring types, including ground movement, buildings, structures movement, tunnel movement, ground water movement and pressure and dynamic ground movement and air over pressure from blasting, the instrumentation and management are introduced and discussed.

Dingxiang Zou

Chapter 23. Health and Safety, and Risk Management in Underground Excavation

Abstract

Compared to the surface excavation, the working conditions and working environment of the underground excavation is more complex. The general requirements of health and safety for underground excavation, major hazards and risks and the elimination measures during underground excavation are analyzed in this chapter. The requirements of site explosive store and transportation are introduced based on the experiences in Hong Kong and other developed countries.

Dingxiang Zou

Titel: Theory and Technology of Rock Excavation for Civil Engineering
verfasst von: Dingxiang Zou
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-1989-0
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1988-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1989-0