Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Multimedia Systems 6/2022

21.01.2021 | Special Issue Paper

Detection of hate speech in Arabic tweets using deep learning

verfasst von: Areej Al-Hassan, Hmood Al-Dossari

Erschienen in: Multimedia Systems | Ausgabe 6/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Nowadays, people are communicating through social networks everywhere. However, for whatever reason it is noticeable that verbal misbehaviors, such as hate speech is now propagated through the social networks. One of the most popular social networks is Twitter which has gained widespread in the Arabic region. This research aims to identify and classify Arabic tweets into 5 distinct classes: none, religious, racial, sexism or general hate. A dataset of 11 K tweets was collected and labelled and SVM model was used as a baseline to be compared against 4 deep learning models: LTSM, CNN + LTSM, GRU and CNN + GRU. The results show that all the 4 deep learning models outperform the SVM model in detecting hateful tweets. Although the SVM achieves an overall recall of 74%, the deep learning models have an average recall of 75%. However, adding a layer of CNN to LTSM enhances the overall performance of detection with 72% precision, 75% recall and 73% F1 score.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaya, C.: Cyberhate: A review and content analysis of intervention strategies. Aggress. Violent Behav. 45, 0–1 (2018) Blaya, C.: Cyberhate: A review and content analysis of intervention strategies. Aggress. Violent Behav. 45, 0–1 (2018)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelashvili, T., Nowak, K.A.: Hate Speech on Social Media. Lund University (2018) Gelashvili, T., Nowak, K.A.: Hate Speech on Social Media. Lund University (2018)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Fortuna, P., Nunes, S.: A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(4), 1–30 (2018)CrossRef Fortuna, P., Nunes, S.: A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(4), 1–30 (2018)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Anis M.Y., Maret, U.S.: Hatespeech in Arabic Language. In: International Conference on Media Studies, September 2017 Anis M.Y., Maret, U.S.: Hatespeech in Arabic Language. In: International Conference on Media Studies, September 2017
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Alshutayri A., Atwell, E.: Creating an Arabic Dialect Text Corpus by Exploring Twitter, Facebook, and Online Newspapers, May 2018 Alshutayri A., Atwell, E.: Creating an Arabic Dialect Text Corpus by Exploring Twitter, Facebook, and Online Newspapers, May 2018
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Irfan, R., et al.: A survey on text mining in social networks. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 30(2), 157–170 (2015)CrossRef Irfan, R., et al.: A survey on text mining in social networks. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 30(2), 157–170 (2015)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Assiri, A., Emam, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Towards enhancement of a lexicon-based approach for Saudi dialect sentiment analysis. J. Inf. Sci. 44(2), 184–202 (2018)CrossRef Assiri, A., Emam, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Towards enhancement of a lexicon-based approach for Saudi dialect sentiment analysis. J. Inf. Sci. 44(2), 184–202 (2018)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Soumya George, K., Joseph, S.: Text classification by augmenting bag of words (BOW) representation with co-occurrence feature. IOSR J. Comput. Eng. 16(1), 34–38 (2014)CrossRef Soumya George, K., Joseph, S.: Text classification by augmenting bag of words (BOW) representation with co-occurrence feature. IOSR J. Comput. Eng. 16(1), 34–38 (2014)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent Dirichlet Allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003)MATH Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent Dirichlet Allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003)MATH
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013) Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1301.​3781 (2013)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Soliman, A.B., Eissa, K., El-Beltagy, S.R.: AraVec: a set of Arabic word embedding models for use in Arabic NLP. Procedia Comput. Sci. 117, 256–265 (2017)CrossRef Soliman, A.B., Eissa, K., El-Beltagy, S.R.: AraVec: a set of Arabic word embedding models for use in Arabic NLP. Procedia Comput. Sci. 117, 256–265 (2017)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouazizi, M., Otsuki, T.: A pattern-based approach for sarcasm detection on twitter. IEEE Access 4, 5477–5488 (2016)CrossRef Bouazizi, M., Otsuki, T.: A pattern-based approach for sarcasm detection on twitter. IEEE Access 4, 5477–5488 (2016)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiang, G., Fan, B., Wang, L., Hong, J., Rose, C.: Detecting offensive tweets via topical feature discovery over a large scale twitter corpus. In: Proc. 21st ACM Int. Conf. Inf. Knowl. Manag.—CIKM’12, pp 1980 (2012) Xiang, G., Fan, B., Wang, L., Hong, J., Rose, C.: Detecting offensive tweets via topical feature discovery over a large scale twitter corpus. In: Proc. 21st ACM Int. Conf. Inf. Knowl. Manag.—CIKM’12, pp 1980 (2012)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gitari, N.D., Zuping, Z., Damien, H., Long, J.: A lexicon-based approach for hate speech detection. Int. J. Multimed. Ubiquitous Eng. 10(4), 215–230 (2015)CrossRef Gitari, N.D., Zuping, Z., Damien, H., Long, J.: A lexicon-based approach for hate speech detection. Int. J. Multimed. Ubiquitous Eng. 10(4), 215–230 (2015)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A.: Deep Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2016)MATH Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A.: Deep Learning. MIT Press, Cambridge (2016)MATH
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Warner W., Hirschberg, J.: Detecting Hate Speech on the World Wide Web. In: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language in Social Media, pp. 19–26 (2012) Warner W., Hirschberg, J.: Detecting Hate Speech on the World Wide Web. In: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language in Social Media, pp. 19–26 (2012)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe, H., Bouazizi, M., Ohtsuki, T.: Hate speech on twitter: a pragmatic approach to collect hateful and offensive expressions and perform hate speech detection. IEEE Access 6, 13825–13835 (2018)CrossRef Watanabe, H., Bouazizi, M., Ohtsuki, T.: Hate speech on twitter: a pragmatic approach to collect hateful and offensive expressions and perform hate speech detection. IEEE Access 6, 13825–13835 (2018)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gambäck, B., Sikdar, U.K.: Using convolutional neural networks to classify hate-speech. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 7491, 85–90 (2017) Gambäck, B., Sikdar, U.K.: Using convolutional neural networks to classify hate-speech. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 7491, 85–90 (2017)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Badjatiya P., Gupta S., Gupta, M., Varma, V.: Deep learning for hate speech detection in tweets. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 759–760 (2017) Badjatiya P., Gupta S., Gupta, M., Varma, V.: Deep learning for hate speech detection in tweets. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 759–760 (2017)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Z., Robinson, D., Tepper, J.: Detecting hate speech on twitter using a convolution-GRU based deep neural network. In: ESWC 2018: The Semantic Web, pp. 745–760 (2018) Zhang, Z., Robinson, D., Tepper, J.: Detecting hate speech on twitter using a convolution-GRU based deep neural network. In: ESWC 2018: The Semantic Web, pp. 745–760 (2018)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Abozinadah E.A., Jones J.H.: A statistical learning approach to detect abusive twitter accounts. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Data Anal.—ICCDA ’17, pp. 6–13 (2017) Abozinadah E.A., Jones J.H.: A statistical learning approach to detect abusive twitter accounts. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Data Anal.—ICCDA ’17, pp. 6–13 (2017)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Haidar, B., Chamoun, M., Serhrouchni, A.: A multilingual system for cyberbullying detection: arabic content detection using machine learning. Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(6), 275–284 (2017)CrossRef Haidar, B., Chamoun, M., Serhrouchni, A.: A multilingual system for cyberbullying detection: arabic content detection using machine learning. Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J. 2(6), 275–284 (2017)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Albadi, N., Kurdi, M., Mishra, S.: Are they Our Brothers? Analysis and Detection of Religious Hate Speech in the Arabic Twittersphere. In: 2018 IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Adv. Soc. Networks Anal. Min., pp. 69–76 (2018) Albadi, N., Kurdi, M., Mishra, S.: Are they Our Brothers? Analysis and Detection of Religious Hate Speech in the Arabic Twittersphere. In: 2018 IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Adv. Soc. Networks Anal. Min., pp. 69–76 (2018)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Hassan, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Detection of hate speech in social networks: a survey on multilingual corpus. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. (CS IT) 9(2), 83 (2019) Al-Hassan, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Detection of hate speech in social networks: a survey on multilingual corpus. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. (CS IT) 9(2), 83 (2019)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Alabbas W., Haider, M., Mansour, A., Epiphaniou, G., Frommholz, I.: Classification of Colloquial Arabic Tweets in real-time to detect high-risk floods. In: 2017 International Conference On Social Media, Wearable And Web Analytics (Social Media), pp. 1–8 (2017) Alabbas W., Haider, M., Mansour, A., Epiphaniou, G., Frommholz, I.: Classification of Colloquial Arabic Tweets in real-time to detect high-risk floods. In: 2017 International Conference On Social Media, Wearable And Web Analytics (Social Media), pp. 1–8 (2017)
Metadaten
Titel
Detection of hate speech in Arabic tweets using deep learning
verfasst von
Areej Al-Hassan
Hmood Al-Dossari
Publikationsdatum
21.01.2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Multimedia Systems / Ausgabe 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0942-4962
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1882
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-020-00742-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2022

Multimedia Systems 6/2022 Zur Ausgabe