nach oben

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Erschienen in:

01.07.2013 | Original Paper

Geomechanical Evaluation of Derinkuyu Antique Underground City and its Implications in Geoengineering

verfasst von: Ömer Aydan, Reşat Ulusay

Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Derinkuyu Underground City, located in the Cappadocia Region of Turkey, is an important structure not only for its antique and archaeological characteristics, but also as a structure in terms of the long-term stability of underground rock structures excavated by mankind. The authors carried out some observational, experimental and theoretical rock mechanics studies in the region from 1996 in the context of a research project supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan for the assessment of the long-term behaviour of Derinkuyu Underground City, and these studies are still continuing. In addition to the monitoring of the environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture and air pressure, they also installed acoustic emission (AE) and electrical potential (EP) measurement systems to monitor the behaviour and response of the surrounding rock at the fifth and seventh floors of the underground city. In this article, the geology, seismicity and state of stress of the Cappadocia Region, climatic conditions in the underground city and its vicinity, short- and long-term behaviours of the surrounding rock, its index and mechanical properties, and effects of water content and freezing–thawing processes were investigated. The stability of Derinkuyu Underground City was also evaluated using theoretical and numerical methods, and the results were presented. Furthermore, its implications in modern geoengineering are also discussed.

Vorheriger Artikel Experimental Study of Dry Granular Flow and Impact Behavior Against a Rigid Retaining Wall

Nächster Artikel Experimental and Statistical Evaluation of Cutting Methods in Relation to Specific Energy and Rock Properties

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Anderson EM (1951) The dynamics of faulting. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh

Angelier J (1975) Sur l’analyse de mesures recueillies dans des sites faillés: l’utilité d’une confrontation entre les méthodes dynamiques et cinématiques. C R Acad Sci Paris D281:1805–1808

Angelier J (1984) Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets. J Geophys Res 89(B7):5835–5848CrossRef

Aydan Ö (1997) Seismic characteristics of Turkish earthquakes. Turkish Earthquake Foundation, report no. TDV/TR 97-007, İstanbul

Aydan Ö (2000) A new stress inference method for the stress state of earth’s crust and its application. Yerbilimleri 22:223–236

Aydan Ö (2003) The moisture migration characteristics of clay-bearing geo-materials and the variations of their physical and mechanical properties with water content. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Asian conference on unsaturated soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2003), Osaka, Japan, November 2003, pp 383–388

Aydan Ö (2012) The inference of physico-mechanical properties of soft rocks and the evaluation of the effect of water content and weathering on their mechanical properties from needle penetration tests. In: Proceedings of the 46th US rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium, Chicago, Illinois, June 2012, ARMA 12-639 (on CD)

Aydan Ö, Dalgıç S (1998) Prediction of deformation behaviour of 3-lanes Bolu tunnels through squeezing rocks of North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ). In: Proceedings of the regional symposium on sedimentary rock engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, November 1998, pp 228–233

Aydan Ö, Kawamoto T (2000) The assessment of mechanical properties of rock masses through RMR rock classification system. In: Proceedings of GeoEng 2000, Melbourne, Australia, November 2000, UW0926 (on CD)

Aydan Ö, Kim Y (2002) The inference of crustal stresses and possible earthquake faulting mechanisms in Shizuoka Prefecture from the striations of faults. J Sch Mar Sci Technol Tokai Univ 54:21–35

Aydan Ö, Nawrocki P (1998) Rate-dependent deformability and strength characteristics of rocks. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on the geotechnics of hard soils–soft rocks, Naples, Italy, October 1998, vol 1, pp 403–411

Aydan Ö, Paşamehmetoğlu AG (1994) In-situ stresses measured at different locations of the world and horizontal stress coefficient. Kaya Mekaniği Bülteni (Bull Rock Mech) 10:1–17 (in Turkish)

Aydan Ö, Ulusay R (2003) Geotechnical and geoenvironmental characteristics of man-made underground structures in Cappadocia, Turkey. Eng Geol 69:245–272CrossRef

Aydan Ö, Ulusay R, Kawamoto T (1997) Assessment of rock mass strength for underground excavations. In: Proceedings of the 36th US rock mechanics symposium, New York, June/July 1997, pp 778–786

Aydan Ö, Kawamoto T, Yüzer E, Ulusay R, Erdoğan M, Akagi T, Ito T, Tokashiki N, Tano H (1999a) A research on the living environment of Derinkuyu Underground City, Central Turkey. Report of MONBUSHO Research Project No.: 09044154, Japan (in Japanese)

Aydan Ö, Ulusay R, Yüzer E, Erdogan M (1999b) Man-made rock structures in Cappadocia, Turkey and their implications in rock mechanics and rock engineering. ISRM News J 6(1):63–73

Aydan Ö, Kumsar H, Ulusay R (2002) How to infer the possible mechanism and characteristics of earthquakes from the striations and ground surface traces of existing faults. Earthq Struct Eng/Earthq Eng JSCE 19(2):199–208CrossRef

Aydan Ö, Tokashiki N, Ito T, Akagi T, Ulusay R, Bilgin HA (2003) An experimental study on the electrical potential of non-piezoelectric geomaterials during fracturing and sliding. In: Proceedings of the 10th ISRM congress, Sandton, South Africa, September 2003, pp 73–78

Aydan Ö, Daido M, Tano H, Nakama S, Matsui H, (2006) The failure mechanism around horizontal boreholes excavated in sedimentary rocks. In: Proceedings of the 41st US rock mechanics symposium and 50th anniversary of the US rock mechanics symposium, Golden, Colorado, June 2006, Paper No. 06-130 (on CD)

Aydan Ö, Tano H, Watanabe H, Ulusay R, Tuncay E (2007a) A rock mechanics evaluation of antique and modern rock structures in Cappadocia Region of Turkey. In: Proceedings of the symposium on the geology of the Cappadocia region, Niğde, Turkey, October 2007, pp 13–23 (in Turkish)

Aydan Ö, Tano H, Ulusay R, Kumsar H, Yenipinar H (2007b) An experimental study on the investigation of long-term stability and environmental conditions of Derinkuyu Underground City. In: Proceedings of the symposium on the geology of the Cappadocia region, Niğde, October 2007, pp 35–42 (in Turkish)

Aydan Ö, Ulusay R, Tano H, Yüzer E (2008a) Studies on Derinkuyu Underground City and its implications in geo-engineering. In: Proceedings of the first collaborative symposium of Turkish–Japan civil engineers, İTÜ, İstanbul, Turkey, June 2008, pp 75–92

Aydan Ö, Watanabe S, Tokashiki N (2008b) The inference of mechanical properties of rocks from penetration tests. In: Proceedings of the 5th Asian rock mechanics symposium (ARMS5), Tehran, Iran, November 2008, pp 213–220

Aydan Ö, Tano H, Ohta Y (2011) Multi-parameter responses of soft rocks during deformation and fracturing and their implications in geomechanics and geoengineering. In: Proceedings of the 12th international congress on rock mechanics, Beijing, China, October 2011, pp 169–172

Aydan Ö, Uehara F, Kawamoto T (2012a) Numerical study on the long-term performance of an underground powerhouse subjected to varying initial stress state, cyclic water head and temperature variations. Int J Geomech ASCE 12(1):14–26CrossRef

Aydan Ö, Tokashiki N, Geniş M (2012b) Some considerations on yield (failure) criteria in rock mechanics. In: Proceedings of the 46th US rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium, Chicago, Illinois, June 2012, ARMA 12-640 (on CD)

Batum İ (1978) Geology and petrography of the volcanics in Göllüdağ and Acıgöl districts at the southwest of Nevşehir. Yerbilimleri 4(1–2):50–69 (in Turkish)

Bieniawski ZT (1989) Engineering rock mass classifications. Wiley, New York

Disaster Affairs Earthquake Research Department (DAD-ERD) (1998) Report on Kayseri earthquake, Ankara

Doktan M (1983) The long term stability of room and pillar workings in a gypsum mine. PhD thesis, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Erguvanlı AK, Yüzer E (1977) Past and present use of underground openings excavated in volcanic tuffs at Cappadocia area. In: Proceedings on rock storage, Oslo, Norway, pp 15–20

Eyidoğan H, Güçlü U, Utku Z, Değirmenci E (1991) Microseismic catalogue of the big earthquakes of Turkey. İTÜ, İstanbul, Turkey, p 198 (in Turkish)

Gülyaz ME, Yenipınar H (1996) Rock settlement and underground cities of Cappadocia. Dünya Kitap Kırtasiye Turizm Ticaret, İstanbul, Turkey

Gündoğdu MN (1982) Geological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Neogene aged Bigadiç sedimentary basin. PhD thesis, Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish)

Hoek E, Brown T (1997) Practical estimates of rock mass strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 34(8):1165–1186CrossRef

Ikeda KA (1970) Classification of rock conditions for tunneling. In: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on engineering geology of the IAEG, Paris, France, September 1970, pp 1258–1265

International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) (2007) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) Suggested methods prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods, International Society for Rock Mechanics, compilation arranged by the ISRM Turkish National Group, Ankara, Turkey, p. 628

Ito H (1991) On rheological behaviour of in situ rock based on long-term creep experiments. In: Proceedings of the 7th ISRM congress, Aachen, Germany, September 1991

Ito T, Akagi T, Seiki T, Ulusay R, Yüzer E, Erdoğan M, Aydan Ö (1999) Long term behaviour of tuffs of Cappadocia. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Japan–Korea joint symposium on rock engineering, Fukuoka, Japan, August 1999, pp 359–370

Ito T, Aydan Ö, Ulusay R, Kaşmer Ö (2008) Creep characteristics of tuff in the vicinity of Zelve antique settlement in Cappadocia Region of Turkey. In: Proceedings of the 5th Asian rock mechanics symposium (ARMS5), Tehran, Iran, November 2008, vol 1, pp 337–344

Kaiser J (1953) Erkenntnisse und Folgerungen aus der Messung von Geräuschen bei Zugbeanspruchung von metallischen Werkstoffen. Archiv Eisenhüttenwesen 24(1–2):43–45

Kaşmer Ö, Ulusay R, Aydan Ö (2008) Preliminary assessments of the factors affecting the stability of antique underground openings at the Zelve Open Air Museum (Cappadocia, Turkey). In: Proceedings of EUROENGEO2008: 2nd European conference of International Association for Engineering Geology, Madrid, Spain, September 2008 (full paper on CD)

Le Pennec J-L, Bourdier J-L, Temel A, Camus G, Gourgaud A (1994) Neogene ignimbrites of the Nevşehir plateau (central Turkey): stratigraphy, distribution and source constraints. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 63:59–87CrossRef

Le Pennec J-L, Temel A, Froger J-L, Sen S, Gourgaud A, Bourdier J-L (2005) Stratigraphy and age of the Cappadocia ignimbrites, Turkey: reconciling field constraints with paleontologic, radiochronologic, geochemical and paleomagnetic data. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 141:45–64CrossRef

Maruto Co. Ltd. (1999) Instructions for the model SH-70 penetrometer (NANGAN-PENETOROKEI), Tokyo, p 4 (in Japanese)

Seymen İ (1981) Metamorphism of the Kırşehir Massif in the vicinity of Kaman. In: Orta Anadolu’nun Jeolojisi Sempozyumu, Ankara, pp 12–16 (in Turkish)

Temel A (1992) Petrological and geochemical properties of the Cappadocia explosive volcanism. PhD thesis, Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish)

Temel A, Gündoğdu MN, Gourgaud A, Le Pennec J-L (1998) Ignimbrites of Cappadocia (Central Anatolia; Turkey): petrology and geochemistry. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 85:447–471CrossRef

Tokashiki N, Aydan Ö (2010) The stability assessment of overhanging Ryukyu limestone cliffs with an emphasis on the evaluation of tensile strength of rock mass. J Geotech Eng JSCE 66(2):397–406

Topal T (1995) Formation and deterioration of fairy chimneys of the Kavak tuff in Ürgüp-Göreme area (Nevşehir–Turkey). PhD thesis, Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Toprak V, Göncüoğlu C (1993) Tectonic control on the development of the Neogene–Quaternary Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Turkey. Geol J 28:357–369CrossRef

Toprak V, Keller J, Schumacher R (1994) Volcanotectonic features of the Cappadocian Volcanic Province. International Volcanological Congress IAVCEI, Ankara, Turkey, September 1994, Excursion Guide

Tsujimoto M, Aydan Ö, Kuno M, Abe H (1997) A study on the environment of an underground city—a case study of Derinkuyu. In: Proceedings of the 2nd underground space symposium, JSCE, pp 43–52 (in Japanese)

Ulusay R, Aydan Ö (2007) Assessment of tuffs of some underground openings in Cappadocia Region from rock engineering view point. In: Proceedings of the symposium on the geology of the Cappadocia region, Niğde, Turkey, October 2007, pp 24–34 (in Turkish)

Ulusay R, Ito T, Akagi T, Seiki T, Yüzer E, Aydan Ö (1996) Long term mechanical characteristics of Cappadocia tuff. In: Proceedings of the 9th international congress on rock mechanics, Paris, France, August 1999, pp 687–690

Ulusay R, Tuncay E, Watanabe H, Tano H, Aydan Ö (2003) The measurement of the stress state of Turkey by acoustic emission (AE) method. In: Sugawara K, Obara Y, Sato A (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on rock stress, RS Kumamoto ’03, Kumamoto, Japan, November 2003, pp 255–260

Ulusay R, Gokceoglu C, Topal T, Sonmez H, Tuncay E, Erguler ZA, Kasmer Ö (2006) Assessment of environmental and engineering geological problems for the possible re-use of an abandoned rock-hewn settlement in Ürgüp (Cappadocia), Turkey. Environ Geol 50:473–494CrossRef

Ulusay R, Tuncay E, Watanabe H, Tano H, Aydan Ö (2008) Studies on in situ stress measurements in Turkey. In: Proceedings of the first collaborative symposium of Turkish–Japan civil engineers, İTÜ, İstanbul, Turkey, June 2008, pp 107–116

Watanabe H, Tano H, Ulusay R, Yüzer E, Erdoğan M, Aydan Ö (1999) The initial stress state in Cappadocia. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Japan–Korea joint symposium on rock engineering, Fukuoka, Japan, August 1999, pp 249–260

Watanabe H, Tano H, Aydan Ö, Ulusay R, Tuncay E, Bilgin HA, Seiki T (2003) The measurement of the in-situ stress state by acoustic emission method (AEM) in weak rocks. In: Sugawara K, Obara Y, Sato A (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on rock stress, RS Kumamoto ’03, Kumamoto, Japan, November 2003, pp 389–394

Titel: Geomechanical Evaluation of Derinkuyu Antique Underground City and its Implications in Geoengineering
verfasst von: Ömer Aydan
Reşat Ulusay
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2013
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0301-7

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

Simultaneous Effects of Joint Spacing and Orientation on TBM Cutting Efficiency in Jointed Rock Masses

Erosion of Schist due to Solid Particle Impingement

Manuscripts Using Numerical Discrete Element Methods

Reply to Comment by Saffet Yagiz on “Point Load Test on Meta-Sedimentary Rocks and Correlations to UCS and BTS” by Diyuan Li and Louis Ngai Yuen Wong, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, doi:10.1007/s00603-012-0299-x

Experimental Testing of Rockfall Barriers Designed for the Low Range of Impact Energy

Influence of Marble’s Texture on its Mechanical Behavior