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Empirical Software Engineering

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01.02.2013

Effort estimation of FLOSS projects: a study of the Linux kernel

verfasst von: Andrea Capiluppi, Daniel Izquierdo-Cortázar

Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering | Ausgabe 1/2013

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Abstract

Empirical research on Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) has shown that developers tend to cluster around two main roles: “core” contributors differ from “peripheral” developers in terms of a larger number of responsibilities and a higher productivity pattern. A further, cross-cutting characterization of developers could be achieved by associating developers with “time slots”, and different patterns of activity and effort could be associated to such slots. Such analysis, if replicated, could be used not only to compare different FLOSS communities, and to evaluate their stability and maturity, but also to determine within projects, how the effort is distributed in a given period, and to estimate future needs with respect to key points in the software life-cycle (e.g., major releases). This study analyses the activity patterns within the Linux kernel project, at first focusing on the overall distribution of effort and activity within weeks and days; then, dividing each day into three 8-hour time slots, and focusing on effort and activity around major releases. Such analyses have the objective of evaluating effort, productivity and types of activity globally and around major releases. They enable a comparison of these releases and patterns of effort and activities with traditional software products and processes, and in turn, the identification of company-driven projects (i.e., working mainly during office hours) among FLOSS endeavors. The results of this research show that, overall, the effort within the Linux kernel community is constant (albeit at different levels) throughout the week, signalling the need of updated estimation models, different from those used in traditional 9am–5pm, Monday to Friday commercial companies. It also becomes evident that the activity before a release is vastly different from after a release, and that the changes show an increase in code complexity in specific time slots (notably in the late night hours), which will later require additional maintenance efforts.

Vorheriger Artikel Can traditional fault prediction models be used for vulnerability prediction?

Nächster Artikel An empirical study of the state of the practice and acceptance of model-driven engineering in four industrial cases

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All the developers are co-located, so no further adjustments are needed in terms of the time of the day of each commit.

As found in git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git.

git.libresoft.es

FLOSSMetrics project, www.flossmetrics.org/

In a SQL statement, where date ≥ ‘2005-06-09 00:00:00’ and date ≤ ‘2005-06-15 23:59:59’.

A partial explanation for the low values of activity on April 15th could be that the Federal Income Taxes are due in the United States on that day.

We provide the results for the office time during the weekends just to observe if there is a continuous activity during the mornings. However, it has not happened since most of the activity, for instance, during the Saturday, is developed during the afternoon and in the following.

This was done to properly evaluate the McCabe cyclomatic complexity for source files developed in the C “procedural” language.

Number of source files where complexity increases, during the week before a release: 13, 33, 28, 1, 48, 33, 30, 48, 54, 87, 36, 37, 72, 56, 190, 149, 129, 128, 237, 216, 177, 146, 314.

Number of source files where complexity increases, during the week after a release: 100, 102, 256, 343, 245, 172, 409, 255, 254, 273, 346, 712, 771, 360, 271, 349, 324, 428, 523, 349, 471, 399, 493.

git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/cvsanaly_kernel26_git.mysql.zip

http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/

git.libresoft.es

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/patched_cvsanaly/

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/study_given_week/

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/set_committers_authors/

Given a commit c, the SQL statement is: select files.file_name, actions.file_id, actions.commit_id, actions.type from scmlog,actions,files where scmlog. rev = c and scmlog.id = actions.commit_id and files.id=actions.file_id.

Given a commit c on file f, the SQL statement is: select scmlog.rev, scmlog.id from scmlog,actions where actions.file_id = f and actions.commit_id < c and actions.commit_id=scmlog.id order by actions.commit_id desc limit 1.

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/previous_commits/

Version 2.6.

http://mastodon.uel.ac.uk/EMSE2011/complexity/

Using the option –pretty=fuller.

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Titel: Effort estimation of FLOSS projects: a study of the Linux kernel
verfasst von: Andrea Capiluppi
Daniel Izquierdo-Cortázar
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2013
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1382-3256
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7616
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-011-9191-7

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