Spectral, optical, mechanical, impedance, and nonlinear optical properties of amaranth (dye)-doped l-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate crystal

Dye (amaranth)-doped semi-organic nonlinear optical single crystal of l-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (ALHHC) was grown by conventional slow evaporation technique. From the single-crystal X-ray diffraction results, the lattice parameters of ALHHC were determined. Additionally, the functional groups contained in ALHHC are examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical band gap was evaluated as 5.1 eV from Tauc’s plot. Vickers microhardness study was carried out to reveal the mechanical properties of the grown crystal. The thermal properties of the title material were analyzed using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Evaluation of the luminescence properties of ALHHC crystal from fluorescence spectrum was done. A typical Kurtz–Perry powder setup with Nd:YAG laser was employed to investigate the second harmonic generation efficiency, and the outcomes pointed out the existence of phase matching. Using Nyquist’s plot, the value of dc conductivity of the sample was determined. The novelty of the work is the properties like color, SHG efficiency, and band gap of ALHHC crystal have been changed significantly.