nach oben

Journal of Happiness Studies

Erschienen in:

14.07.2022 | Research Paper

Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19

verfasst von: Shaina A. Kumar, Madison E. Edwards, Hanna M. Grandgenett, Lisa L. Scherer, David DiLillo, Anna E. Jaffe

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 7/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Researchers have emphasized the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on mental health, but less attention has been given to personal strengths promoting resilience during the pandemic. One strength might be gratitude, which supports wellbeing amidst adversity. A two-wave examination of 201 college students revealed anxiety symptom severity increased to a lesser extent from pre-COVID (January–March 2020) to onset-COVID (April 2020) among those who reported greater pre-COVID gratitude. A similar trend appeared for depression symptom severity. Gratitude was also correlated with less negative changes in outlook, greater positive changes in outlook, and endorsement of positive experiences resulting from COVID-19. Thematic analysis showed “strengthened interpersonal connections” and “more time” were the most commonly reported positive experiences. Overall findings suggest gratitude lessened mental health difficulties and fostered positivity at the onset of the pandemic, but more research is needed to determine whether gratitude and other strengths promote resilience as COVID-19 continues.

Vorheriger Artikel Does the Survey Mode Affect the Association Between Subjective Well-being and its Determinants? An Experimental Comparison Between Face-to-Face and Web Mode

Nächster Artikel The Effect of Relative Income Concerns on Life Satisfaction: Relative Deprivation and Loss Aversion

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind, and bind: The functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00439.xCrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef

Aristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12, 8438. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208438CrossRef

Bachik, M. A. K., Carey, G., & Craighead, W. E. (2021). VIA character strengths among U.S. college students and their associations with happiness, well-being, resiliency, academic success and psychopathology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16, 512–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1752785CrossRef

Boggiss, A. L., Consedine, N. S., Brenton-Peters, J. M., Hofman, P. L., & Serlachius, A. S. (2020). A systematic review of gratitude interventions: Effects on physical health and health behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 135, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110165CrossRef

Bono, G., Reil, K., & Hescox, J. (2020). Stress and wellbeing in urban college students in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic: Can grit and gratitude help? International Journal of Wellbeing, 10, 39–57. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i3.1331CrossRef

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oaCrossRef

Brooks, M. E., Kristensen, K., van Benthem, K. J., Magnusson, A., Berg, C. W., Nielsen, A., Skaug, H. J., Mächler, M., & Bolker, B. M. (2017). glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling. The R Journal, 9, 378–400.CrossRef

Butler, J. & Jaffe, S. (2020). Challenges and gratitude: A diary study of software engineers working from home during COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/challenges-and-gratitude-a-diary-study-of-software-engineers-working-from-home-during-covid-19-pandemic/.

Carr, A., Cullen, K., Keeney, C., Canning, C., Mooney, O., Chinseallaigh, E., & O’Dowd, A. (2020). Effectiveness of positive psychology interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818807CrossRef

Casali, N., Feraco, T., Ghisi, M., & Meneghetti, C. (2021). “Andrà tutto bene”: Associations between character strengths, psychological distress and self-efficacy during COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2255–2274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00321-wCrossRef

Greater Good Science Center. (2021). Three good things. https://ggia.berkeley.edu/practice/three-good-things.

Datu, J. A. D., Valdez, J. P. M., McInerney, D. M., & Cayubit, R. F. (2021). The effects of gratitude and kindness on life satisfaction, positive emotions, negative emotions, and COVID-19 anxiety: An online pilot experimental study. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12306CrossRef

Dennis, A., & Ogden, J. (2022). Nostalgia, gratitude, or optimism: The impact of a two-week intervention on well-being during COVID-19. Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6CrossRef

Dennis, A., Ogden, J., & Hepper, E. G. (2020). Evaluating the impact of a time orientation intervention on well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown: Past, present or future? The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1858335CrossRef

Derogatis, L. R. (2001). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) 18: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. NCS Pearson.

Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.56CrossRef

Emmons, R. A., Froh, J., & Rose, R. (2019). Gratitude. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 317–332). American Psychological Association.

Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377CrossRef

Emmons, R. A., & Mishra, A. (2011). Why gratitude enhances well-being: What we know, what we need to know. In K. Sheldon, T. Kashdan, & M. F. Steger (Eds.), Designing the future of positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward (pp. 248–262). Oxford Press.

Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Buchner, A. (1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 28, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203630CrossRef

Fekete, E. M., & Deichert, N. T. (2022). A brief gratitude writing intervention decreased stress and negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00505-6CrossRef

Flinchbaugh, C. L., Moore, E. W. G., Chang, Y. K., & May, D. R. (2012). Student well-being interventions: The effects of stress management techniques and gratitude journaling in the management education classroom. Journal of Management Education, 36, 191–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562911430062CrossRef

Franke, G. H., Jaeger, S., Glaesmer, H., Barkmann, C., Petrowski, K., & Braehler, E. (2017). Psychometric analysis of the brief symptom inventory 18 (BSI-18) in a representative German sample. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0283-3CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1037/1522-3736.3.1.31aCrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden- and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 145–166). Oxford Press.

Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431CrossRef

Froh, J. J., Sefick, W. J., & Emmons, R. A. (2008). Counting blessings in early adolescents: An experimental study of gratitude and subjective well-being. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 213–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.03.005CrossRef

Geier, M. T., & Morris, J. (2022). The impact of a gratitude intervention on mental well-being during COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study of university students. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12359CrossRef

George, M. J., Russell, M. A., Piontak, J. R., & Odgers, C. L. (2018). Concurrent and subsequent associations between daily digital technology use and high-risk adolescents’ mental health symptoms. Child Development, 89, 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12819CrossRef

Iodice, J. A., Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (2021). The association between gratitude and depression: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 4, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4059/1710024CrossRef

Jackowska, M., Brown, J., Ronaldson, A., & Steptoe, A. (2015). The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep. Journal of Health Psychology, 21, 2207–2217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315572455CrossRef

Jaffe, A. E., Kumar, S. A., Ramirez, J. J., & DiLillo, D. (2021). Is the COVID-19 pandemic a high-risk period for college student alcohol use? A comparison of three spring semesters. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 45, 854–863. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14572

Jaffe, A. E., Kumar, S. A., Hultgren, B. A., Smith-LeCavalier, K. N., Garcia, T. A., Canning, J. R., & Larimer, M. E. (2022). Meaning in life and stress-related drinking: A multicohort study of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addictive Behaviors, 129, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107281CrossRef

Jans-Beken, L., Jacobs, N., Janssens, M., Peeters, S., Reijnders, J., Lechner, L., & Lataster, J. (2020). Gratitude and health: An updated review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15, 743–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1651888CrossRef

Jenkins, P. E., Ducker, I., Gooding, R., James, M., & Rutter-Eley, E. (2020). Anxiety and depression in a sample of UK college students: A study of prevalence, comorbidity, and quality of life. Journal of American College Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1709474CrossRef

Jiang, D. (2020). Feeling gratitude is associated with better well-being across the life span: A daily diary study during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journals of Gerontology, 77, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa220CrossRef

Jiang, D., Chiu, M. M., & Liu, S. (2022). Daily positive support and perceived stress during COVID-19 outbreak: The role of daily gratitude within couples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00387-0CrossRef

Joseph, S., Linley, P. A., Shevlin, M., Goodfellow, B., & Butler, L. D. (2006). Assessing positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity: A short form of the changes in outlook questionnaire. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 11, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020500358241CrossRef

Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist, 62, 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95CrossRef

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford: Guilford publications.

Kumar, S. A., Jaffe, A. E., Brock, R. L., & DiLillo, D. (2021). Resilience to suicidal ideation among college sexual assault survivors: The protective role of optimism and gratitude in the context of posttraumatic stress. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(S1), S91–S100. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001141CrossRef

Long, J. A. (2019). Interactions: Comprehensive, user-friendly toolkit for probing interactions. https://cran.r-project.org/package=interactions.

Maas, C. J., & Hox, J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-1881.1.3.86CrossRef

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112CrossRef

Mead, J. P., Fisher, Z., Tree, J. J., Wong, P., & Kemp, A. H. (2021). Protectors of wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Key roles for gratitude and tragic optimism in a UK-based cohort. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 647951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647951CrossRef

Neff, K. D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032CrossRef

Nelson-Coffey, S. K., O’Brien, M. M., Braunstein, B. M., Mickelson, K. D., & Ha, T. (2021). Health behavior adherence and emotional adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a US nationally representative sample: The roles of prosocial motivation and gratitude. Social Science and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114243CrossRef

Niemiec, R. M. (2013). VIA character strengths: Research and practice the first 10 years. In H. H. Knoop & A. Delle Fave (Eds.), Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology: Perspectives from positive psychology (pp. 11–29). Dordrecht: Springer.

Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 257–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301CrossRef

Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042CrossRef

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford: Oxford Press.

Rash, J. A., Matsuba, M. K., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Gratitude and well-being: Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention? Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3, 350–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01058.xCrossRef

Rashid, T., & McGrath, R. E. (2020). Strengths-based actions to enhance wellbeing in the time of COVID- 19. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10, 113–132. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i4.1441CrossRef

Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018). Positive psychotherapy: Clinician manual. Oxford: Oxford Press.CrossRef

Regnault, A., Willgoss, T., Barbic, S., International Society for Quality of Life Research Mixed Methods Special Interest Group. (2017). Towards the use of mixed methods inquiry as best practice in health outcomes research. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-018-0043-8CrossRef

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudemonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141CrossRef

Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-wCrossRef

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063CrossRef

Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410CrossRef

Snijders, T. A. B. (2005). Power and sample size in multilevel modeling. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science, 3, 1570–1573. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013192.bsa492CrossRef

Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22, e21279. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279CrossRef

Syropoulos, S., & Markowitz, E. M. (2021). Prosocial responses to COVID-19: Examining the role of gratitude, fairness and legacy motives. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110488CrossRef

Twenge, J. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2020). Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76, 2170–2182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23064CrossRef

Vieselmeyer, J., Holguin, J., & Mezulis, A. (2017). The role of resilience and gratitude in posttraumatic stress and growth following a campus shooting. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000149CrossRef

Wang, C., Wen, W., Zhang, H., Ni, J., Jiang, J., Cheng, Y., Zhou, M., Ye, L., Feng, Z., Ge, Z., Luo, H., Wang, M., Zhang, X., & Liu, W. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and stress prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of American College Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1960849CrossRef

Waters, L., Algoe, S. B., Dutton, J., Emmons, R., Fredrickson, B. L., Heaphy, E., Moskowitz, J. T., Neff, K., Niemiec, R., Pury, C., & Steger, M. (2021). Positive psychology in a pandemic: Buffering, bolstering, and building mental health. The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1871945CrossRef

Watkins, P. C., Emmons, R. A., Amador, T., & Fredrick, M. (2021). Growth of gratitude in times of trouble: Gratitude in the pandemic [Conference session]. In: International positive psychology association 7th world congress.

Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 890–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005CrossRef

Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.019CrossRef

World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610.

World Health Organization. (2020). Listings of WHO’s response to COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline.

World Health Organization. (2022). Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 12 April 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---12-april-2022.

Titel: Does Gratitude Promote Resilience During a Pandemic? An Examination of Mental Health and Positivity at the Onset of COVID-19
verfasst von: Shaina A. Kumar
Madison E. Edwards
Hanna M. Grandgenett
Lisa L. Scherer
David DiLillo
Anna E. Jaffe
Publikationsdatum: 14.07.2022
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 7/2022
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00554-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2022

The effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis

Latent State-Trait Modeling of Satisfaction with Life Scale: An Item-Level Analysis Using Dutch Panel Data

Nostalgia and Satisfaction with Life: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis

Does the Weekly Practice of Recalling and Elaborating Episodes Raise Well-Being in University Students?

Does Happiness Increase in Old Age? Longitudinal Evidence from 20 European Countries

Grit Across Nations: The Cross-National Equivalence of the Grit-O Scale