Fabrication of catalytically active nanocrystalline samarium (Sm)-doped cerium oxide (CeO₂) thin films using electron beam evaporation

Samarium (Sm)-doped cerium oxide (CeO₂) thin films were fabricated using electron beam evaporation technique. The synthesized films were deposited either on glass or ITO substrates and studied their nature by annealing at different temperatures. The optical properties and other morphological studies were done by UV–Vis, XRD, XPS, SEM, EDS, and FT-IR analysis. XRD and XPS analysis clearly confirm the presence of Sm in the ceria site. From the SEM study, it was found that after annealing at high temperature (~300 or 500 °C), the particles size was reduced due to breakdown of large aggregates of particles which is also confirmed from UV–Vis, XPS, and XRD analyses. The FT-IR study proves the presence of –COO–, –OH, or ammonium group on the particles surface. The deposition of Sm-doped CeO₂ nanomaterials was found more feasible on ITO substrate compared to that of glass substrate in terms of stability and depth of film thickness. The Sm-doped CeO₂ nanomaterial acts as a re-usable catalyst for the reduction of organic dye molecules in the presence of NaBH₄. The catalysis rate was compared by considering the electron transfer process during the reduction. The synthesized Sm-doped CeO₂ thin films might find wide variety of applications in various emerging fields like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), oxygen sensor or as catalyst in different types of organic and inorganic catalytic reactions. The fabrication process is very simple, straightforward, less time consuming, and cost effective.