Introduction
Methods
The Hertfordshire Ageing Study (HAS)
The Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS)
The Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 (ABC)
Statistical methods
Results
Hertfordshire Ageing Study | Hertfordshire Cohort Study | Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males (n = 208) | Females (n = 150) | All (n = 358) | Males (n = 1,682) | Females (n = 1,540) | All (n = 3,216) | Males (n = 206) | Females (n = 222) | All (n = 428) | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 76.2 (2.4) 76.0 | 75.8 (2.1) 76.0 | 76.0 (2.3) 76.0 | 65.6 (2.9) 65.7 | 66.6 (2.7) 66.4 | 66.1 (2.9) 66.1 | 64.6 (0.9) 64.7 | 64.7 (1.0) 64.8 | 64.6 (0.9) 64.7 |
Sub-scale | |||||||||
Physical functioning | 67.9 (26.6) 75.0 | 59.7 (27.6) 65.0 | 64.5 (27.3) 70.0 | 83.9 (21.1) 90.0 | 75.4 (23.9) 85.0 | 79.8 (22.9)* 90.0 | 76.7 (25.2) 85.0 | 73.9 (24.5) 80.0 | 75.2 (24.8) 85.0 |
Role physical | 63.1 (42.6) 75.0 | 58.8 (42.4) 75.0 | 61.3 (42.5)* 75.0 | 83.1 (32.8) 100 | 77.8 (37.0) 100 | 80.5 (34.9) 100 | 78.5 (37.7) 100 | 80.9 (36.5) 100 | 79.7 (37.1) 100 |
Bodily pain | 71.2 (24.9) 74.0 | 64.0 (25.6) 62.0 | 68.2 (25.4) 72.0 | 75.6 (23.3) 84.0 | 70.2 (25.3) 72.0 | 73.0 (24.4) 72.0 | 73.6 (23.9) 74.0 | 72.9 (24.0) 84.0 | 73.2 (23.9) 74.0 |
General health | 63.6 (20.8) 67.0 | 63.9 (20.0) 67.0 | 63.8 (20.5)* 67.0 | 71.3 (19.5) 75.0 | 70.8 (20.3) 75.0 | 71.1 (19.9) 75.0 | 68.9 (20.7) 72.9 | 73.5 (19.2) 77.0 | 71.3 (20.1) 76.0 |
Vitality | 63.0 (19.9) 65.0 | 56.6 (17.4) 55.0 | 60.3 (19.2)* 60.0 | 69.1 (18.6) 70.0 | 63.6 (19.2) 65.0 | 66.5 (19.1)* 70.0 | 69.9 (18.8) 75.0 | 67.6 (19.4) 70.0 | 68.7 (19.1) 73.3 |
Social functioning | 83.8 (23.4) 100 | 79.9 (23.8) 87.5 | 82.2 (23.6)* 100 | 91.2 (18.0) 100 | 87.7 (21.7) 100 | 89.6 (19.9) 100 | 89.5 (20.5) 100 | 88.4 (21.1) 100 | 88.9 (20.8) 100 |
Role emotion | 81.7 (35.2) 100 | 72.5 (38.7) 100 | 77.8 (36.9)* 100 | 93.3 (21.9) 100 | 89.4 (27.4) 100 | 91.4 (24.8)*
100 | 88.3 (28.2) 100 | 86.8 (30.2) 100 | 87.5 (29.2) 100 |
Mental health | 79.8 (14.9) 84.0 | 72.3 (18.6) 76.0 | 76.6 (16.9)* 80.0 | 82.7 (14.6) 88.0 | 77.0 (15.6) 80.0 | 80.0 (15.3) 84.0 | 82.2 (15.2) 88.0 | 79.4 (16.6) 84.0 | 80.9 (16.0) 85.0 |
Scale | Hertfordshire Ageing Study (n = 349) | Hertfordshire Cohort Study (n = 3,215) | Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 475) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | Reliability | H | Reliability | H | Reliability | |
Physical functioning | 0.65 | 0.92 | 0.71 | 0.92 | 0.70 | 0.92 |
Role physical | 0.77 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.92 |
Bodily pain | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.84 |
General health | 0.42 | 0.74 | 0.46 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.81 |
Vitality | 0.55 | 0.80 | 0.59 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 0.83 |
Social functioning | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
Role emotion | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.87 |
Mental health | 0.42 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.77 | 0.51 | 0.82 |
Items | HAS | HCS | ABC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | Reliability | H | Reliability | H | Reliability | |
Physical functioning | ||||||
Vigorous activities | 0.45 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.92 | 0.53 | 0.93 |
Moderate activities | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.91 |
Lifting/carrying | 0.67 | 0.91 | 0.68 | 0.91 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
Climbing several flights | 0.67 | 0.91 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.70 | 0.92 |
Climbing one flight | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.91 |
Bending/kneeling | 0.60 | 0.91 | 0.63 | 0.92 | 0.68 | 0.92 |
Walking > 1 mile | 0.67 | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 0.91 |
Walking several blocks | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 0.78 | 0.91 |
Walk one block | 0.68 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 0.91 | 0.78 | 0.91 |
Bathe, dress | 0.65 | 0.91 | 0.68 | 0.92 | 0.71 | 0.92 |
Role physical | ||||||
Cut down amount of time | 0.79 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.90 |
Accomplishes less | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.90 |
Limited kind of work | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.89 |
Had difficulty | 0.74 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
Bodily pain | ||||||
Had bodily pain | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.84 |
Pain interfere | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.84 |
General health | ||||||
General health is.. | 0.48 | 0.67 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.75 |
Sick easier | 0.38 | 0.72 | 0.44 | 0.75 | 0.53 | 0.79 |
As healthy as | 0.38 | 0.71 | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.51 | 0.78 |
Expect get worse | 0.34 | 0.73 | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.45 | 0.82 |
Is excellent | 0.51 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.73 |
Vitality | ||||||
Full of pep | 0.57 | 0.74 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0.60 | 0.80 |
Lot of energy | 0.55 | 0.76 | 0.59 | 0.78 | 0.60 | 0.80 |
Worn out | 0.54 | 0.76 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 0.79 |
Feel tired | 0.54 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.78 |
Social functioning | ||||||
Social extent | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
Social time | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
Role emotion | ||||||
Cut down time | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.80 |
Accomplished less | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.82 |
Not careful | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.81 |
Mental health | ||||||
Nervous | 0.34 | 0.76 | 0.37 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.79 |
Down in dumps | 0.50 | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.76 |
Peaceful | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.78 |
Blue/sad | 0.48 | 0.68 | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.58 | 0.75 |
Happy | 0.35 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.82 |