Research on satellite data-driven algorithm for ground-level ozone concentration inversion: case of Yunnan, China

It is of great significance to accurately grasp ground-level ozone concentration on a wide scale in order to cope with the increasingly serious ground-level ozone pollution problem. Currently, satellite technology can be used to monitor ground-level ozone concentration on a wide scale, but there is the problem of insufficient spatial resolution. The use of ground monitoring stations to detect ground-level ozone concentration can obtain more accurate ozone concentration around the station, but there are problems of limited number of stations and sparse distribution. Therefore, it is still a challenge to accurately grasp the ground-level ozone concentration at a large scale and high spatial resolution. To address this issue, this paper proposes a ground-level ozone concentration inversion algorithm based on deep learning methods, incorporating data from remote sensing satellites, ground monitoring stations, meteorological conditions, geography, and land use. Taking Yunnan Province in China as the experimental region and utilizing five-fold cross-validation, the model's Mean Square Error (MSE) reached 340.45 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reached 18.45. Compared to machine learning models, the error decreased by 14.53%, outperforming Random Forest models, Convolution Neural Networks, and Vision Transformers. This study offers a referential approach for accurately capturing ground-level ozone concentrations at a large scale with high spatial resolution.