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17.05.2023 | Original Article

Optimized recovery of transesterifiable oil from industrial fats, oil, and grease (FOG) esterified with H₂SO₄ catalyst extracted from discarded lead-acid batteries

verfasst von: Sarah Mae S. Utlang, Nole Mae S. Utlang, Emma Mie L. Paler, Rechielyn C.Salvatierra, Justin C. Paday, Dennis A. Mugot, Val Irvin F. Mabayo, Renato O. Arazo

Erschienen in: Energy, Ecology and Environment | Ausgabe 4/2023

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Abstract

The increasing demand for energy and the growing concerns over environmental issues have prompted researchers to explore alternative energy sources, such as biodiesel. Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable fuel derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste oils, making it a sustainable energy source. This study aimed to optimize the recovery of transesterifiable oil from industrial fats, oil, and grease (FOG) esterified with an H₂SO₄ catalyst extracted from discarded lead-acid batteries. In recovering the oil, a thermal process was employed to extract it from the raw FOG, followed by esterification with sulfuric acid derived from lead-acid batteries. Central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operating variables, including methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst loading, temperature, and reaction time. The optimized conditions resulted in a 96.47 ± 0.68% transesterifiable oil recovery using an 8:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 8 v% of H₂SO₄ catalyst, and 4 h of reaction time at 50 °C. The recovered oil was characterized for various parameters: density, pH, free fatty acid (FFA) level, fatty acid profile, and functional groups. The results indicated that the recovered oil could be a suitable raw material for biodiesel production, as it possessed desirable properties such as low FFA content and a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.

Vorheriger Artikel Implication of soil carbon changes on the greenhouse gas emissions of pickled ginger: a case study of crop rotation cultivation in Northern Thailand

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Titel: Optimized recovery of transesterifiable oil from industrial fats, oil, and grease (FOG) esterified with H2SO4 catalyst extracted from discarded lead-acid batteries
verfasst von: Sarah Mae S. Utlang
Nole Mae S. Utlang
Emma Mie L. Paler
Rechielyn C.Salvatierra
Justin C. Paday
Dennis A. Mugot
Val Irvin F. Mabayo
Renato O. Arazo
Publikationsdatum: 17.05.2023
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Energy, Ecology and Environment / Ausgabe 4/2023
Print ISSN: 2363-7692
Elektronische ISSN: 2363-8338
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-023-00283-8

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