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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Case Study I: Ozone Layer Depletion

verfasst von : Zerrin Savaşan

Erschienen in: Paris Climate Agreement: A Deal for Better Compliance?

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (VC) was adopted in 1985 and came into force on 22 September 1988. As it is a framework convention, it only establishes a framework on parties’ obligations. In fact, it includes no substantive detailed obligations (Arts. 2 and 3, VC), but does offer the possibility of adopting further protocols in the COPs of the Convention (Art. 8, Convention) when required to cope with issues regarding ozone depletion (see Annex A to this book for a list of COPs to the VC and MOPs to the MP, and Annex B for MOPs’ decisions relating to compliance).

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Vorheriges Kapitel Compliance Mechanisms: A General Overview

Nächstes Kapitel Case Study II: Climate Change

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For detailed information on the history of the creation of the Montreal Protocol, see Weiss (1998).

See Savaşan (2012) for a comparative analysis of reporting under the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols.

The MOP 9 approved new formats for reporting data under Art. 7, MP. The old data formats used by the parties to report data were replaced, and since 1997 the revised formats have been used. In order to assist the parties in providing the data required by the revised formats, a handbook on data-reporting under the Montreal Protocol was prepared and distributed to all parties by the UNEP division of technology, industry and economics (UNEP-TIE).

Besides Articles 7 and 9, MP, the parties have to send reports to the Secretariat under Art. 4b of the protocol. However, this article is about the implementation of licensing systems for the import and export of ozone-depleting substances, and it requires parties to report to the Secretariat regarding the establishment and operation of that system (Art. 4(3)); it is not directly related to gathering information in order to review national performance.

To collect the required data, parties have relied heavily on customs statistics, organised in most countries according to the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System elaborated in the framework of the World Customs Organisation (WCO) on the basis of the Harmonised System Convention (Oberthür 2001).

During the negotiations of the NCP, some other triggering methods were also debated, but were rejected (Romanin 2009).

See also Ozone Secretariat (2007: 18), as it clearly states that: “To date, virtually all draft decisions proposed by the Committee have been adopted by the Meeting of the Parties.”

“[T]he term ‘incremental costs’ indicates that only the additional costs namely costs resulting from environmental efforts normally not undertaken will be covered by the solidarity of the community of states” (Wolfrum 1999: 136). On incremental costs, see Decision IV/18, Annex VIII (MOP 4 1992), which provides a list of incremental costs and allows the Executive Committee of the MF to interpret the costs and, if necessary, add to this list.

For detailed information on the early phases of the NCP, see Victor (1996).

Similarly, at the MOP 5, through a declaration, the heads of the delegations representing the governments of Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, the Russian Federation and Ukraine had also asked the parties to decide at the MOP 6 on the question of the special status of countries with economies in transition which would require concessions and a certain flexibility in the fulfilment of their obligations under the MP (MOP 5 1993, Annex VII).

Taking into account its difficult economic situation, its classification as a developing country by the World Bank and the UNDP and its low per capita consumption of ODSs, the MOP 14 decided to accept the application of Armenia to be listed as a developing country (MOP 14, Decision XIV/2 2002). So it is involved here in the section entitled ‘Triggering by the Secretariat against any party to the Protocol, Non-compliance by the Countries with Economies In Transition (CEIT).

Due to the fact that per capita consumption of Annex A and Annex B substances of the party were below the limits specified under Art. 5 of the MP and the party was classified as a low income country by the World Bank, MOP 16 decided to accept the application of Turkmenistan to be listed as a developing country (MOP 16, Decision XVI/39 2004; MOP 17 2005).

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Titel: Case Study I: Ozone Layer Depletion
verfasst von: Zerrin Savaşan
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Paris Climate Agreement: A Deal for Better Compliance?
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14312-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-14313-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14313-8_5

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