nach oben

Erschienen in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Landfill Leachate Treatment

verfasst von : Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed Zahari, Zaber Ahmed, Shahrul Ismail, Izan Jaafar, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang

Erschienen in: Solid Waste Engineering and Management

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Disposal of municipal solid waste is an environmental burden worldwide, and landfilling is still the widely applied solution for the management of discarded solid waste because of its cost-effectiveness and simpler operational mechanism. Due to the complex reactions inside, landfills generate severely polluted wastewater streams recognized as leachate. Leachate is concentrated wastewater with extreme pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), organic refractory compounds, inorganic salts and toxicity. It is a typical dilemma of a landfill system and a potential threat for environmental elements, which must be treated before discharge into water bodies. Because of the variability in waste composition depending on the landfilling practice, local climatic conditions, landfill’s physicochemical conditions, bio geochemistry and landfill age, treatment of leachate becomes more critical than municipal wastewater. Numerous biological, physicochemical treatment methods are being practised worldwide for landfill leachate. This chapter aims to summarize an overview of the different innovative options applied for landfill leachate treatment and the way forward.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Biodrying of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study in Malaysia

Nächstes Kapitel Health and Safety Considerations in Waste Management

Advanced oxidation process (AOP)

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic (and sometimes inorganic) materials from water and wastewater by oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl radicals (OH). However, in real-world applications of wastewater treatment, this term usually refers to a subset of such chemical processes that employ ozone (O₃), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and/or UV light. One such type of process is called in situ chemical oxidation.

Dissolved air flotation (DAF)

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water purification process that removes oil and solids from wastewaters (and other water sources). Air is removed from water or wastewater in a flotation tank basin by dissolving it under pressure and then releasing it at atmospheric pressure. It is possible to remove the suspended matter from the water using a skimming device because of the bubbles formed by the release of air.

DNA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long molecule that carries our genetic code. It is like a recipe book for the proteins in our bodies, with step-by-by-step instructions.

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

Municipal solid waste refers to waste that is either collected by the municipality or disposed of at a municipal waste disposal site, which includes items such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. This comes from our homes, institutions like schools and hospitals, and businesses.

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are activated sludge processes used for wastewater treatment. SBR treat wastewater in batches, such as sewage or the output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities. Water and activated sludge are mixed with oxygen to reduce the organic matter (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively). In some cases, treated effluent may be suitable for discharge into surface waters or for use on land.

Van der Waal forces

In general, it describes the attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules. Because of the electric polarization that other particles induce in each particle, only weak attractive forces act on neutral atoms and molecules.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are linear short-chain aliphatic mono-carboxylate compounds, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, which are the building blocks of different organic compounds. Two to six carbon atoms are found in VFAs, which include acetic acid and caproic acid. Anaerobic digestion is tightly regulated by VFAs. Methane and carbon dioxide are produced as a result of the decomposition of organic matter.

Chong, T. L., Matsufuji, Y., & Hassan, M. N. (2005). Implementation of the semi-aerobic landfill system (Fukuoka method) in developing countries: A Malaysia cost analysis. Waste Management, 25(7), 702–711.CrossRef

Abdel-Shafy, H. I., & Mansour, M. S. M. (2018). Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(4), 1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.07.003CrossRef

Saidan, M. N., Drais, A. A., & Al-Manaseer, E. (2017). Solid waste composition analysis and recycling evaluation: Zaatari Syrian Refugees Camp, Jordan. Waste Management, 61, 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.026CrossRef

Torretta, V., Ferronato, N., Katsoyiannis, I. A., Tolkou, A. K., & Airoldi, M. (2017). Novel and conventional technologies for landfill leachates treatment: A review. Sustainability, 9(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010009CrossRef

Kumar, M. V., Srivarushan, S., & Gowthami, R. (2018). IJSRST1845167|Leachate treatment from municipal solid waste landfill by using natural coagulant of zea mays. Retrieved December 2, 2019, from www.ijsrst.com

Bu, L., Wang, K., Zhao, Q. L., Wei, L. L., Zhang, J., & Yang, J. C. (2010). Characterization of dissolved organic matter during landfill leachate treatment by sequencing batch reactor, aeration corrosive cell-Fenton, and granular activated carbon in series. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 179(1–3), 1096–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.118CrossRef

Bhalla, B., Saini, M., & Jha, M. (2012). Characterization of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling sites of Ludhiana, India: A comparative study. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(6), 732–745.

Kamaruddin, M. A., Yusoff, M. S., Rui, L. M., Isa, A. M., Zawawi, M. H., & Alrozi, R. (2017). An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(35), 26988–27020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0303-9CrossRef

Zainal, S. F. F. S., Aziz, H. A., Mohd Omar, F., & Alazaiza, M. Y. D. (2021). Sludge performance in coagulation-flocculation treatment for suspended solids removal from landfill leachate using Tin (IV) chloride and Jatropha curcas. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2021, 1931161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2021.1931161CrossRef

10.

Hamid, M. A. A., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Rezan, S. A. (2021). A continuous clinoptilolite augmented SBR-electrocoagulation process to remove concentrated ammonia and colour in landfill leachate. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 23, 101575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101575CrossRef

11.

Aziz, H. A., Othman, M., & Abu Amr, S. S. (2013). The performance of Electro-Fenton oxidation in the removal of coliform bacteria from landfill leachate. Waste Management, 33, 396–400.CrossRef

12.

Aziz, H. A., Mohd Zahari, M. S., Adlan, M. N., & Hung, Y. T. (2012). Physicochemical treatment processes of landfill leachate. In Handbook of environment and waste management: Air and water pollution control (pp. 819–888). World Scientific. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814327701_0019CrossRef

13.

Hamid, M. A. B. A.. (2021). Zeolite augmented electrocoagulation process for removing ammonia and colour in saline landfill leachate. PhD thesis. Aschool of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

14.

Zainal, S. F. F. B. S.. (2021). Jatropha curcas as flocculant agent in highly coloured stabilised landfill leachate treatment. PhD thesis. Aschool of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

15.

EQA. (2014). Environmental quality act 1974 (Act 127), regulations, rules & orders. Department of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI).

16.

Vahabian, M., Hassanzadeh, Y., & Marofi, S. (2019). Assessment of landfill leachate in semi-arid climate and its impact on the groundwater quality case study: Hamedan, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(2), 7215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7215-8CrossRef

17.

Frikha, Y., Fellner, J., & Zairi, M. (2017). Leachate generation from landfill in a semi-arid climate: A qualitative and quantitative study from Sousse, Tunisia. Waste Management & Research, 35(9), 940–948. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17715102CrossRef

18.

Vaccari, M., Tudor, T., & Vinti, G. (2019). Characteristics of leachate from landfills and dumpsites in Asia, Africa and Latin America: An overview. Waste Management, 95, 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.032CrossRef

19.

Adeolu, A. O., Ada, O. V., Gbenga, A. A., & Adebayo, O. A. (2011). Assessment of groundwater contamination by leachate near a municipal solid waste landfill. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(11), 933–940. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST11.272CrossRef

20.

Zhang, X., Jiang, C., Shan, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Influence of the void fraction and vertical gas vents on the waste decomposition in semi-aerobic landfill: Lab-scale tests. Waste Management, 100, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.039CrossRef

21.

Aziz, H. A., Adlan, M. N., Amilin, K., Yusoff, M. S., & Ramly, N. H. (2002). Quantification of generation rate of leachate from semi-aerobic landfill: Field data. In: The 5th Asian symposium on academic activities for waste management (AAAWM), Kuala Lumpur, 9–12 September.

22.

Wiszniowski, J., Robert, D., Surmacz-Gorska, J., Miksch, K., & Weber, J. V. (2006). Landfill leachate treatment methods: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 4(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0016-zCrossRef

23.

Renou, S., Givaudan, J. G., Poulain, S., Dirassouyan, F., & Moulin, P. (2008). Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150(3), 468–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.077CrossRef

24.

Kamaruddin, M., Yusoff, M., Aziz, H., & Hung, Y.-T. (2016). Sustainable treatment of landfill leachate. Landfill Leachate, 2016, 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1201/b20005-3CrossRef

25.

Abbas, A. A., Jingsong, G., Ping, L. Z., Ya, P. Y., & Al-Rekabi, W. S. (2009). Review on landfill leachate treatments. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(4), 672–684. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajas.2009.672.684CrossRef

26.

Peters, T. A. (1998). Purification of landfill leachate with membrane filtration. Filtration & Separation, 1998, 33–36.CrossRef

27.

Li, X. Z., Zhao, Q. L., & Hao, X. D. (1999). Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by chemical precipitation. Waste Management, 19, 409–415.CrossRef

28.

Amokrane, A., Comel, C., & Veron, J. (1997). Landfill leachates pretreatment by coagulation-flocculation. Water Research, 31(11), 2775–2782.CrossRef

29.

Madu, J. I. (2008). New leachate treatment methods. Lund University.

30.

Matsufuji, J. (1990). Technical guideline on sanitary landfill. Japan International Cooperation Agency.

31.

Zamri, M. F. M. A., Kamaruddin, M. A., Yusoff, M. S., Aziz, H. A., & Foo, K. Y. (2017). Semi-aerobic stabilized landfill leachate treatment by ion exchange resin: Isotherm and kinetic study. Applied Water Science, 7(2), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0266-2CrossRef

32.

Peng, Y. (2017). Perspectives on technology for landfill leachate treatment. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, 2567–2574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.031CrossRef

33.

Hamidi, A. A., & Abu Amr, S. (2016). Control and treatment of landfill leachate for sanitary waste disposal. IGI Global.

34.

Yuan, C., et al. (2017). Multistage biological contact oxidation for landfill leachate treatment: Optimization and bacteria community analysis. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 125, 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.09.008CrossRef

35.

Li, R., Zi, X., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Gao, H., & Hu, N. (2013). Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NY-4, a novel denitrifying, moderately halophilic marine bacterium. Springerplus, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-346CrossRef

36.

Chen, Y., Cheng, J. J., & Creamer, K. S. (2008). Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review. Bioresource Technology, 99(10), 4044–4064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057CrossRef

37.

Mittal, A. (2011). Fig. 1: Aerobic treatment principle. Fig. 2: Anaerobic treatment principle. Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2011, 2–9.

38.

Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines (MSIG). (2009). Volume 4 sewage treatment plants (3rd ed.). Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN).

39.

Xue, Y., Zhao, H., Ge, L., Chen, Z., Dang, Y., & Sun, D. (2015). Comparison of the performance of waste leachate treatment in submerged and recirculated membrane bioreactors. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 102, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.01.005CrossRef

40.

Hashisho, J., El-Fadel, M., Al-Hindi, M., Salam, D., & Alameddine, I. (2016). Hollow fiber vs. flat sheet MBR for the treatment of high strength stabilized landfill leachate. Waste Management, 55, 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.016CrossRef

41.

Gkotsis, P. K., Batsari, E. L., Peleka, E. N., Tolkou, A. K., & Zouboulis, A. I. (2017). Fouling control in a lab-scale MBR system: Comparison of several commercially applied coagulants. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.003CrossRef

42.

Santos, A., Ma, W., & Judd, S. J. (2011). Membrane bioreactors: Two decades of research and implementation. Desalination, 273(1), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.063CrossRef

43.

Wu, B., Kitade, T., Chong, T. H., Uemura, T., & Fane, A. G. (2012). Role of initially formed cake layers on limiting membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. Bioresource Technology, 118, 589–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.016CrossRef

44.

Ahmed, F. N., & Lan, C. Q. (2012). Treatment of landfill leachate using membrane bioreactors: A review. Desalination, 287, 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.12.012CrossRef

45.

Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Membrane bioreactor. In: Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia. Retrieved July 25, 2021.

46.

Mehmood, M. K., Adetutu, E., Nedwell, D. B., & Ball, A. S. (2009). In situ microbial treatment of landfill leachate using aerated lagoons. Bioresource Technology, 100(10), 2741–2744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.031CrossRef

47.

Aziz, S. Q., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Bashir, M. J. K. (2011). Landfill leachate treatment using powdered activated carbon augmented sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process: Optimization by response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189(1–2), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.052CrossRef

48.

Wei, Y., Ji, M., Li, R., & Qin, F. (2012). Organic and nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors. Waste Management, 32(3), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.008CrossRef

49.

Aluko, O. O., & Sridhar, M. K. C. (2013). Evaluation of leachate treatment by trickling filter and sequencing batch reactor processes in Ibadan, Nigeria. Waste Management & Research, 31(7), 700–705. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X13485867CrossRef

50.

Cortez, S., Teixeira, P., Oliveira, R., & Mota, M. (2008). Rotating biological contactors: A review on main factors affecting performance. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 7(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-008-9127-xCrossRef

51.

Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Rotating biological contactor. In: Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia. Retrieved July 25, 2021.

52.

Castillo, E., Vergara, M., & Moreno, Y. (2007). Landfill leachate treatment using a rotating biological contactor and an upward-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor. Waste Management, 27(5), 720–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.08.003CrossRef

53.

Han, Y., Ma, J., Xiao, B., Huo, X., & Guo, X. (2019). New integrated self-refluxing rotating biological contactor for rural sewage treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.276CrossRef

54.

Chen, S., Sun, D., & Chung, J. S. (2008). Simultaneous removal of COD and ammonium from landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor system. Waste Management, 28(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.01.004CrossRef

55.

Bella, G. D., & Mannina, G. (2020). Intermittent aeration in a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor for carbon and nutrient biological removal. Watermark, 492, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020492CrossRef

56.

Luo, H., Zeng, Y., Cheng, Y., He, D., & Pan, X. (2020). Recent advances in municipal landfill leachate: A review focusing on its characteristics, treatment, and toxicity assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 703(2019), 135468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135468CrossRef

57.

Thong, S. O., Suksong, W., Promnuan, K., Thipmunee, M., Mamimin, C., & Prasertsan, P. (2016). Two-stage thermophilic fermentation and mesophilic methanogenic process for biohythane production from palm oil mill effluent with methanogenic effluent recirculation for pH control. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(46), 21702–21712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.095CrossRef

58.

Monlau, F., Kaparaju, P., Trably, E., Steyer, J. P., & Carrere, H. (2015). Alkaline pretreatment to enhance one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2/CH4 production from sunflower stalks: Mass, energy and economical balances. Chemical Engineering Journal, 260, 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.108CrossRef

59.

Zupančič, G. D., & Jemec, A. (2010). Anaerobic digestion of tannery waste: Semi-continuous and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor processes. Bioresource Technology, 101(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.028CrossRef

60.

Jiraprasertwong, A., Vichaitanapat, K., Leethochawalit, M., & Chavadej, S. (2018). Three-stage anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for maximum methane production: Effects of COD loading rate and reactor volumetric ratio. Energies, 11(6), 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061543CrossRef

61.

Wu, J., et al. (2018). A gradual change between methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis during a long-term UASB treatment of sulfate-rich chemical wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 636, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.172CrossRef

62.

Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion. In: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

63.

Gao, J., et al. (2015). The present status of landfill leachate treatment and its development trend from a technological point of view. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 14(1), 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9349-zCrossRef

64.

Cheung, K. C., Chu, L. M., & Wong, M. H. (1997). Ammonia stripping as a pre-treatment for landfill leachate. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 94, 209–221.CrossRef

65.

Silva, A. C., Dezotti, M., & Sant’Anna Jr, G. L. (2004). Treatment and detoxification of a sanitary landfill leachate. Chemosphere, 55, 207–214.CrossRef

66.

Ozturk, I., Altinbas, M., Koyuncu, I., Arikan, O., & Gomec-Yangin, C. (2003). Advanced physico-chemical treatment experiences on young municipal landfill leachates. Waste Management, 23, 441–446.CrossRef

67.

Marttinen, S. K., Kettunen, R. H., Sormunen, K. M., Soimasuo, R. M., & Rintala, J. A. (2002). Screening of physical-chemical methods for removal of organic material, nitrogen and toxicity from low strength landfill leachates. Chemosphere, 46, 851–858.CrossRef

68.

Matis, K. A., & Peleka, E. N. (2010). Alternative flotation techniques for wastewater treatment: Focus on electroflotation. Separation Science and Technology, 45(16), 2465–2474. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2010.508065CrossRef

69.

Zhang, Q., Liu, S., Yang, C., Chen, F., & Lu, S. (2014). Bioreactor consisting of pressurized aeration and dissolved air flotation for domestic wastewater treatment. Separation and Purification Technology, 138, 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.10.024CrossRef

70.

Palaniandy, P., Adlan, M. N., Aziz, H. A., & Murshed, M. F. (2010). Application of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in semi-aerobic leachate treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(2-3), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.11.005CrossRef

71.

Zouboulis, A. I., Chai, X.-L., & Katsoyiannis, I. A. (2004). The application of bioflocculant for the removal of humic acids from stabilized landfill leachates. Journal of Environmental Management, 70, 35–41.CrossRef

72.

Adlan, M. N., Palaniandy, P., & Aziz, H. A. (2011). Optimization of coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) treatment of semi-aerobic landfill leachate using response surface methodology (RSM). Desalination, 277(1–3), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.04.006CrossRef

73.

Painmanakul, P., Sastaravet, P., Lersjintanakarn, S., & Khaodhiar, S. (2010). Effect of bubble hydrodynamic and chemical dosage on treatment of oily wastewater by induced air flotation (IAF) process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 88(5–6), 693–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2009.10.009CrossRef

74.

Colic, M., Morse, W., & Miller, J. D. (2007). The development and application of centrifugal flotation systems in wastewater treatment. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2021, from https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJEP.2007.014706

75.

Da Rosa, J. J., & Rubio, J. (2005). The FF (flocculation-flotation) process. Minerals Engineering, 18(7), 701–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2004.10.010CrossRef

76.

Edzwald, J. K. (2007). Developments of high rate dissolved air flotation for drinking water treatment. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology, 56(6–7), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2007.013CrossRef

77.

Leppinen, D. M., & Dalziel, S. B. (2004). Bubble size distribution in dissolved air flotation tanks. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-AQUA, 53(8), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2004.0042CrossRef

78.

Thommes, M., et al. (2015). Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 87(9–10), 1051–1069. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1117CrossRef

79.

Worch, E. (2012). Adsorption technology in water treatment: Fundamentals, processes, and modeling. Walter de Gruyter.CrossRef

80.

Sillanpää, M. (2014). Natural organic matter in water: Characterization and treatment methods. Butterworth-Heinemann.

81.

Bekbolet, M., Lindner, M., Weichgrebe, D., & Bahnemann, D. W. (1996). Photocatalytic detoxification with the thin-film fixed bed reactor (TFFBR): Clean-up of highly polluted landfill effluents using a novel TiO2-photocatalyst. Solar Energy, 56(5), 455–469.CrossRef

82.

John, G. T., Crittenden, C., Trussell, R. R., Hand, D. W., & Howe, K. J. (2012). MWH’s water treatment: Principles and design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

83.

Halim, A. A., Aziz, H. A., Johari, M. A. M., & Ariffin, K. S. (2010). Comparison study of ammonia and COD adsorption on zeolite, activated carbon and composite materials in landfill leachate treatment. Desalination, 262(1–3), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.036CrossRef

84.

Subramanyam, B., & Das, A. (2014). Linearised and non-linearised isotherm models optimization analysis by error functions and statistical means. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-92CrossRef

85.

Reible, D. (2017). Fundamentals of environmental engineering. CRC Press.CrossRef

86.

Imai, A., Onuma, K., Inamori, Y., & Sudo, R. (1994). Biodegradation and adsorption in refractory leachate treatment by the biological activated carbon fluidized bed process. Water Research, 29(2), 687–694.CrossRef

87.

Suidan, M. T., Schroeder, A. T., Nath, R., Krishnan, F. R., & Brenner, R. C. (1993). Treatment of cercla leachates by carbon-assisted anaerobic fluidized beds. Water Science and Technology, 27, 273–282.CrossRef

88.

Kargi, F., & Pamukoglu, M. Y. (2003). Simultaneous adsorption and biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by fed-batch operation. Process Biochemistry, 38, 1413–1420.CrossRef

89.

Cecen, F., Erdincler, A., & Kilic, E. (2003). Effect of powdered activated carbon addition on sludge dewaterability and substrate removal in landfill leachate treatment. Advances in Environmental Research, 7, 707–713.CrossRef

90.

Morawe, B., Ramteke, D. S., & Vogelpohl, A. (1995). Activated carbon column performance studies of biologically treated landfill leachate. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 34, 299–303.CrossRef

91.

Ehrig. (1989). Physicochemical treatment. In T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, & R. Stegmann (Eds.), Sanitary landfilling: Process, technology and environmental impact (pp. 285–297). Academic Press.

92.

Pirbazari, M., Ravindran, V., Badriyha, B. N., & Kim, S.-H. (1996). Hybrid membrane filtration process for leachate treatment. Water Research, 30(11), 2691–2706.CrossRef

93.

Aziz, H. A., Adlan, M. N., Adnan, N. H., Yusoff, M. S., & Ramly, N. H. (2002). Removal of copper, zinc, iron and manganese from semi-aerobic leachate using limestone filter: Case study at Pulau Burung Landfill site. In: The 5th Asian symposium on academic activities for waste management (AAAWM), Kuala Lumpur, 9–12 September.

94.

Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., Adlan, M. N., Adnan, N. H., & Alias, A. (2004). Physico-chemical removal of iron from semi-aerobic landfill leachate by limestone filter. Waste Management, 24, 353–358.CrossRef

95.

Heavey, M. (2003). Low-cost treatment of landfill leachate using peat. Waste Management, 23, 447–454.CrossRef

96.

Aspinwall & Co. (1995). The effect of peat on the quality of leachate from Scottish landfill waste disposal sites (FR/SC 008). Foundation for Water Research.

97.

Harmsen, J. (1983). Identification of organic compounds in leachate from a waste tip. Water Research, 17(6), 699–705.CrossRef

98.

Majone, M., Papini, M. P., & Rolle, E. (1997). Influence of metal speciation in landfill leachates on kaolinite sorption. Water Research, 32(3), 882–890.CrossRef

99.

Aziz, H. A., Mohd Zahari, M. S., Adlan, M. N., & Hung, Y.-T. (2012). Physicochemical treatment processes of landfill leachate. In Handbook of environment and waste management: Air and water pollution control (pp. 819–888). World Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814327701_0019CrossRef

100.

Hin, L. T., Aziz, H. A., Nordin Adlan, M., & Zahari, S. M. (2004). Colour removal for leachate from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using limestone and activated carbons as media. In: Proceedings, third national conference in civil engineering, Copthorne Orchid, Tanjung Bungah, 20–22 July 2004, E14.

101.

DiPalma, L., Ferrantelli, P., Merli, C., & Petrucci, E. (2002). Treatment of industrial landfill leachate by means of evaporation and reverse osmosis. Waste Management, 22, 951–955.CrossRef

102.

Alcântara, P. B., & De Castilhos, A. B. (2014). Treatment of leachates by evaporation in the semiarid region of the Brazilian northeast. The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 40(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2014.44CrossRef

103.

Ranzi, B. D., Castilhos Junior, A. B., Duarte, A., & Tavares, J. (2009). Evaporation phenomenon as a sustainable solution for landfill leachate treatment. Sardinia Margherita di Pula, 5, 2014.

104.

Ye, Z. L., Hong, Y., Pan, S., Huang, Z., Chen, S., & Wang, W. (2017). Full-scale treatment of landfill leachate by using the mechanical vapor recompression combined with coagulation pretreatment. Waste Management, 66, 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.026CrossRef

105.

Gonze, E., Commenges, N., Gonthier, Y., & Bernis, A. (2003). High frequency ultrasound as a pre- or a post-oxidation for paper mill wastewaters and landfill leachate treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 92, 215–225.CrossRef

106.

Joshi, S. M., & Gogate, P. R. (2019). Treatment of landfill leachate using different configurations of ultrasonic reactors combined with advanced oxidation processes. Separation and Purification Technology, 211, 10–18.CrossRef

107.

Bae, B.-U., Jung, E.-S., Kim, Y.-R., & Shin, H.-S. (1998). Treatment of landfill leachate using activated sludge process and electron-beam radiation. Water Research, 33(11), 2669–2673.CrossRef

108.

Yamazaki, M., Sawai, T., Sawai, T., Yamazaki, K., & Kawaguchi, S. (1984). Irradiation conditions required in combined radiation-microbial process for landfill leachate. Radioisotopes, 33, 195–202.CrossRef

109.

AWWA. (1996). Water treatment membrane processes. McGraw-Hill.

110.

Casey, T. J. (1997). Unit treatment processes in water and wastewater engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

111.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2005). Membrane filtration guidance manual. USEPA.

112.

Rautenbach, R., Vossenkaul, K., Linn, T., & Katz, T. (1996). Waste water treatment by membrane processes – New development in ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Desalination, 108, 247–253.CrossRef

113.

Bohdziewiez, J., Bodzek, M., & Gorska, J. (2001). Application of pressure-driven membrane techniques to biological treatment of landfill leachate. Process Biochemistry, 36, 641–646.CrossRef

114.

Syzdek, A. C., & Ahlert, R. C. (1984). Separation of landfill leachate with polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 9(2), 209–220.CrossRef

115.

Trebouet, D., Schlumpf, J. P., Jaouen, P., & Quemeneur, F. (2001). Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by combined physicochemical-nanofiltration processes. Water Research, 35(12), 2935–2942.CrossRef

116.

Linde, K., & Jonsson, A.-S. (1995). Nanofiltration of salt solutions and landfill leachate. Desalination, 103, 223–232.CrossRef

117.

Meier, J., Melin, T., & Eilers, L. H. (2002). Nanofiltration and adsorption on powdered adsorbent as process combination for the treatment of severely contaminated waste water. Desalination, 146, 361–366.CrossRef

118.

Awadalla, F. T., Striez, C., & Lamb, K. (1994). Removal of ammonium and nitrate ions from mine effluents by membrane technology. Science and Technology, 29(4), 483–495.

119.

Chianese, A., Ranauro, R., & Verdone, N. (1998). Treatment of landfill leachate by reverse osmosis. Water Research, 33(3), 647–652.CrossRef

120.

Fu, F., & Wang, Q. (2011). Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011CrossRef

121.

Li, X. Z., & Zhao, Q. L. (2003). Recovery of ammonium-nitrogen from landfill leachate as a multi-nutrient fertilizer. Ecological Engineering, 20, 171–181.CrossRef

122.

Tatsi, A. A., Zouboulis, A. I., Matis, K. A., & Samaras, P. (2003). Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates. Chemosphere, 53, 737–744.CrossRef

123.

Hilles, A. H., Abu Amr, S. S., Hussein, R. A., El-Sebaie, O. D., & Arafa, A. I. (2016). Performance of combined sodium persulfate/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process in stabilized landfill leachate treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 493–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.051CrossRef

124.

Rivas, F. J., Beltran, F., Gimeno, O., Acedo, B., & Carvalho, F. (2003). Stabilized leachates: Ozone-activated carbon treatment and kinetics. Water Research, 37, 4823–4834.CrossRef

125.

Ince, N. H. (1998). Water Environment Resources, 70(6), 1161–1169.CrossRef

126.

Baig, S., Coulomb, I., Courant, P., & Liechti, P. (1999). Treatment of landfill leachates: Lapeyhouse and Satrod case studies. Ozone Science and Engineering, 21, 1–22.CrossRef

127.

Wu, J. J., Wu, C.-C., Ma, H.-W., & Chang, C.-C. (2004). Treatment of landfill leachate by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere, 54, 997–1003.CrossRef

128.

Aziz, S. Q., Aziz, H. A., Bashir, M. J. K., & Mojiri, A. (2015). Assessment of various tropical municipal landfill leachate characteristics and treatment opportunities. Global NEST Journal, 17(3), 439–450.

129.

Zakaria, S. N. F., Aziz, H. A., Abu Amrr, S. S., & Hung, Y. T. (2018). Optimisation of anaerobic stabilised leachate treatment using catalytic ozonation with zirconium tetrachloride. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 21(2/3), 102.CrossRef

130.

Zakaria, S. N. F., Aziz, H. A., & Abu Amr, S. A. (2015). Performance of ozone/ZrCl4 oxidation in stabilized landfill leachate treatment. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 802, 501–506.CrossRef

131.

Abu Amr, S. S., Zakaria, S. N. F., & Aziz, H. A. (2017). Performance of combined ozone and zirconium tetrachloride in stabilized landfill leachate treatment. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19(4), 1384–1390.CrossRef

132.

Zakaria, S. N. F., & Aziz, H. A. (2017). Influence of dosage, pH and contact time in stabilized landfill leachate treatment using ozone/zirconium tetrachloride catalytic oxidation. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1892, 040030. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005710CrossRef

133.

Zakaria, S. N. F., & Aziz, H. A. (2017). Influence of ozonation on COD in stabilized landfill leachate: Case study at Alor Pongsu landfill site. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1892, 040006. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5005686CrossRef

134.

Wang, Z.-P., Zhang, Z., Lin, Y.-J., Deng, N.-S., Tao, T., & Zhuo, K. (2002). Landfill leachate treatment by a coagulation-photooxidation process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 95, 153–159.CrossRef

135.

Zakaria, S. N. F. (2019). Treatment of stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate by ozonation process with zirconium and tin tetrachlorides. PhD thesis. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

136.

Weichgrebe, D. (1994). Beitrag zur chemisch-oxidativen abwasserbehandlung Dissertation (Ph.D), Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, Germany. TU Clausthal.

137.

Cho, S. P., Hong, S. C., & Hong, S.-i. (2004). Study of the end point of photocatalytic degradation of landfill leachate containing refractory matter. Chemical Engineering Journal, 98, 245–253.CrossRef

138.

Bauer, R., Waldner, G., Fallmann, H., Hager, S., Klare, M., Krutzler, T., Malato, S., & Maletzky, P. (1999). The photo-fenton reaction and the TiO2/UV process for wastewater treatment – novel developments. Catalysis Today, 53, 131–144.CrossRef

139.

Koh, I.-O., Chen-Hamacher, X., Hicke, K., & Thiemann, W. (2004). Leachate treatment by the combination of photochemical oxidation with biological process. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 162, 261–271.CrossRef

140.

Wenzel, A., Gahr, A., & Niessner, R. (1998). TOC-removal and degradation of pollutants in leachate using a thin-film photoreactor. Water Research, 33(4), 937–946.CrossRef

141.

Chiang, L.-C., Chang, J.-E., & Wen, T.-C. (1994). Indirect oxidation effect in electrochemical oxidation treatment of landfill leachate. Water Research, 29(2), 671–678.CrossRef

142.

Hamid, M. A., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Hamid, S. A. R. S. A. (2020). The effects of current density, treatment time and pH on the removal of colour from saline landfill leachate using aluminium electrode in electrocoagulation process. Pollution Research, 39(2), 221–226.

143.

Hamid, M. A. A., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Rezan, S. A. (2020). Optimization and analysis of zeolite augmented electrocoagulation process in the reduction of high-strength ammonia in saline landfill leachate. Watermark, 12(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010247CrossRef

144.

Hamid, M. A. A., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Rezan, S. A. (2021). Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high-strength ammonia and colour from stabilized landfill leachate. Water Environment Research, 93(4), 596–607.CrossRef

145.

Lopez, A., Pagano, M., Volpe, A., & DiPinto, A. C. (2004). Fenton’s pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate. Chemosphere, 54, 1005–1010.CrossRef

146.

Bae, J.-H., Kim, S.-K., & Chang, H.-S. (1997). Treatment of landfill leachates: Ammonia removal via nitrification and denitrification and further COD reduction via Fenton’s treatment followed by activated sludge. Water Science and Technology, 36(12), 341–348.CrossRef

147.

Lau, I. W. C., Wang, P., & Fang, H. H. P. (2001). Organic removal of anaerobically treated leachate by Fenton coagulation. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 127(7), 666.CrossRef

148.

Yoon, J., Cho, S., Cho, Y., & Kim, S. (1998). The characteristics of coagulation of Fenton reaction in the removal of landfill leachate organics. Water Science and Technology, 38(2), 209–214.CrossRef

149.

Kang, Y. W., & Hwang, K.-Y. (1999). Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process. Water Research, 34(10), 2786–2790.CrossRef

150.

Kim, S.-M., Geissen, S.-U., & Vogelpohl, A. (1997). Landfill leachate treatment by a photoassited Fenton reaction. Water Science and Technology, 35(4), 239–248.CrossRef

151.

Lin, S. H., & Chang, C. C. (2000). Treatment of landfill leachate by combined electro-Fenton oxidation and sequencing batch reactor method. Water Research, 34(17), 4243–4249.CrossRef

152.

Aziz, H. A., & Ramli, S. F. (2018). Recent development in sanitary landfilling and landfill leachate treatment in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 9(3/4), 201–229.CrossRef

153.

Sun, Y., Zhou, S., Chiang, P. C., & Shah, K. J. (2019). Evaluation and optimization of enhanced coagulation process: Water and energy nexus. Water-Energy Nexus, 2(1), 25–36.CrossRef

154.

Sibartie, S., & Ismail, N. (2018). Potential of hibiscus sabdariffa and jatropha curcas as natural coagulants in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. In MATEC web of conferences (Vol. 152, p. 01009). EDP Sciences.

155.

Eddeeb, M. Y., Heikal, G., & El Shahawy, A. (2019). Organic pollutants removal by flocculation process using ferric chloride/cationic polyelectrolyte for wastewater agricultural reuse. Desalination and Water Treatment, 140, 231–244.CrossRef

156.

Lee, C. S., Robinson, J., & Chong, M. F. (2014). A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92(6), 489–508.CrossRef

157.

Lee, A. H., Nikraz, H., & Hung, Y. T. (2012). Effect of temperature on performance of a sanitary landfill. In 2012 2nd international conference on environment and industrial innovation IPCBEE (Vol. 35). IACSIT Press.

158.

Rui, L. M., Daud, Z., & Latif, A. A. A. (2012). Treatment of Leachate by coagulation-flocculation using different coagulants and polymer: A review. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2(2), 114–117.CrossRef

159.

Ayoub, G. M., BinAhmed, S. W., Al-Hindi, M., & Azizi, F. (2014). Coagulation of highly turbid suspensions using magnesium hydroxide: Effects of slow mixing conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(17), 10502–10513.CrossRef

160.

Tzoupanos, N. D., & Zouboulis, A. I. (2008). Coagulation-flocculation processes in water/wastewater treatment: The application of new generation of chemical reagents. In: 6th IASME/WSEAS International Conference Greece.

161.

Sahu, O. P., & Chaudhari, P. K. (2013). Review on chemical treatment of industrial wastewater. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 17(2), 241–257.

162.

Ahmad, H., Lafi, W. K., Abushgair, K., & Assbeihat, J. M. (2016). Comparison of coagulation, electrocoagulation and biological techniques for the municipal wastewater treatment. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(22), 11014–11024.

163.

Omar, M. A., Zin, N. S. M., & Salleh, N. A. M. (2018). A review on performance of chemical, natural and composite coagulant. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 56–60.

164.

Yusoff, M. S., Aziz, H. A., Alazaiza, M. Y., & Rui, L. M. (2019). Potential use of oil palm trunk starch as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment. Water Quality Research Journal, 54(3), 203–219.CrossRef

165.

Suopajärvi, T., Liimatainen, H., Hormi, O., & Niinimäki, J. (2013). Coagulation–flocculation treatment of municipal wastewater based on anionized nanocelluloses. Chemical Engineering Journal, 231, 59–67.CrossRef

166.

Zainol, N. A., Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., & Umar, M. (2011). The use of polyaluminium chloride for the treatment of landfill leachate via coagulation and flocculation processes. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 34–39.

167.

Ahmed, Z., & Yusoff, M. S. (2020). Application of natural coagulants for sustainable treatment of semi-aerobic landfill leachate. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, 020024. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0017406CrossRef

168.

Verma, M., & Naresh Kumar, R. (2016). Can coagulation–flocculation be an effective pre-treatment option for landfill leachate and municipal wastewater co-treatment? Perspectives on Science, 8, 492–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.05.005CrossRef

169.

Reynolds, T. D., & Richards, P. A. (1996). Unit operations and processes in environmental engineering. PWS Publishing Company.

170.

Tillman, G. M. (1996). Water treatment: Troubleshooting and problem solving. Lewis Publishers.

171.

Assou, M., Madinzi, A., Anouzla, A., Aboulhassan, M. A., Souabi, S., & Hafidi, M. (2014). Reducing pollution of stabilized landfill leachate by mixing of coagulants and flocculants: A comparative study. Blood Coagulation, 4(1), 20–25.

172.

Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F. (1994). Chemistry for environmental engineering. McGraw Hill Inc..

173.

Tsai, C. T., Lin, S. T., Shue, Y. C., & Su, P. L. (1996). Electrolysis of soluble organic matter in leachate from landfills. Water Research, 31(12), 3073–3081.CrossRef

174.

Wang, J. P., Chen, Y. Z., Ge, X. W., & Yu, H. Q. (2007). Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for a paper-recycling wastewater treatment using response surface methodology. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 302(1-3), 204–210.CrossRef

175.

Zouboulis, A., Traskas, G., & Samaras, P. (2008). Comparison of efficiency between poly-aluminium chloride and aluminium sulphate coagulants during full-scale experiments in a drinking water treatment plant. Separation Science and Technology, 43(6), 1507–1519.CrossRef

176.

Samadi, M., Saghi, M., Rahmani, A., Hasanvand, J., Rahimi, S., & Syboney, M. S. (2010). Hamadan landfill leachate treatment by coagulation-flocculation process. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 7(3), 253–258.

177.

Crittenden, J. C., Trussell, R. R., Hand, D. W., Howe, K. J., & Tchobanoglous, G. (2012). MWH’s water treatment: Principles and design. John Wiley & Sons.CrossRef

178.

Liu, X., Li, X. M., Yang, Q., Yue, X., Shen, T. T., Zheng, W., Luo, K., Sun, Y. H., & Zeng, G. M. (2012). Landfill leachate pretreatment by coagulation-flocculation process using iron-based coagulants: Optimization by response surface methodology. Chemical Engineering Journal, 200, 39–51.CrossRef

179.

López-Maldonado, E. A., Oropeza-Guzmán, M. T., & Ochoa-Terán, A. (2014). Improving the efficiency of a coagulation-flocculation wastewater treatment of the semiconductor industry through zeta potential measurements. Journal of Chemistry, 2014, 969720.CrossRef

180.

Bratby, J. (2016). Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. IWA Publishing.CrossRef

181.

Imran, Q., Hanif, M. A., Riaz, M. S., Noureen, S., Ansari, T. M., & Bhatti, H. N. (2012). Coagulation/flocculation of tannery wastewater using immobilized chemical coagulants. Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 10(2), 79–86.

182.

Pillai, J. (1997). Flocculants and coagulants: The keys to water and waste management in aggregate production. Condensed version appeared in December issue of stone review. Nalco Company.

183.

Lapsongpon, T., Leungprasert, S., & Yoshimura, C. (2017). Pre-chlorination contact time and the removal and control of Microcystis aeroginosa in coagulation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 67(1), 012011.

184.

Kang, K. H., Shin, H. S., & Park, H. (2002). Characterization of humic substances present in landfill leachates with different landfill ages and its implications. Water Research, 36(16), 4023–4032.CrossRef

185.

Ozbelge, T. A., Ozbelge, O. H., & Baskaya, S. Z. (2002). Removal of phenolic compounds from rubber-textile wastewaters by physico-chemical methods. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 41, 719–730.CrossRef

186.

Rıos, G., Pazos, C., & Coca, J. (1998). Destabilization of cutting oil emulsions using inorganic salts as coagulants. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 138(2-3), 383–389.CrossRef

187.

Yusoff, S. M., Zuki, N. A. M., & Zamri, M. F. M. A. (2016). Effectiveness of jackfruit seed starch as coagulant aid in landfill leachate treatment process. International Journal, 11(26), 2684–2687.

188.

Aziz, H. A., Rosli, M. Y., Amr, S. S. A., & Hussain, S. (2015). Potential use of titanium tetrachloride as coagulant to treat semi aerobic leachate treatment. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(4), 37–44.

189.

Aziz, H. A., Sahhari, N., Amr, S. S. A., Hussain, S., & Leeuwen, J. V. (2016). Potential use of zirconium (IV) chloride as coagulant to treat semi-aerobic leachate treatment. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 18(3), 205–212.CrossRef

190.

Aziz, H. A., & Sobri, N. I. M. (2015). Extraction and application of starch-based coagulants from sago trunk for semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16943–16950.CrossRef

191.

Zin, N. S. M., Aziz, H. A., Adlan, N. M., Ariffin, A., Yusoff, M. S., & Dahalan, I. (2013). Removal of colour, suspended solids, COD and ammonia from partially stabilize landfill leachate by using iron chloride through coagulation process. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 736.CrossRef

192.

Ramli, S. F., & Aziz, H. A. (2015). Use of ferric chloride and chitosan as coagulant to remove turbidity and colour from landfill leachate. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 773, 1163–1167.CrossRef

193.

Al-Hamadani, Y. A., Yusoff, M. S., Umar, M., Bashir, M. J., & Adlan, M. N. (2011). Application of psyllium husk as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 190(1-3), 582–587.CrossRef

194.

Muaz, A. Z., Faiz, M., Suffian, M. Y., & Hamidi, A. A. (2014). The study of flocculant characteristics for landfill leachate treatment using starch based flocculant from Durio Zibethinus seed. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(15), 129–135.

195.

Rusdizal, N., Aziz, H. A., & Fatehah, M. O. (2015). Potential use of polyaluminium chloride and tobacco leaf as coagulant and coagulant aid in post-treatment of landfill leachate. Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 2(2), 1–5.

196.

Aziz, H. A., Yii, Y. C., Syed Zainal, S. F. F., Ramli, S. F., & Akinbile, C. O. (2018). Effects of using Tamarindus indica seeds as a natural coagulant aid in landfill leachate treatment. Global NEST Journal, 20(2), 373–380.CrossRef

197.

Zainol, N. A., Aziz, H. A., & Ibrahim, N. (2013). Treatment of Kulim and Kuala Sepetang landfills leachates in Malaysia using poly-aluminium chloride (PACl). Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 52–57.

198.

Syafalni, S., Lim, H. K., Ismail, N., Abustan, I., Murshed, M. F., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Treatment of landfill leachate by using lateritic soil as a natural coagulant. Journal of Environmental Management, 112, 353–359.CrossRef

199.

Choy, S. Y., Prasad, K. M. N., Wu, T. Y., Raghunandan, M. E., & Ramanan, R. N. (2014). Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 26(11), 2178–2189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.024CrossRef

200.

Saravanan, Soundammal, Sudha, & Suriyakala. (2017). Wastewater treatment using natural coagulants. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 4(3), 37–40.

201.

Santos, T. R. T. (2016). Development of a magnetic coagulant based on Moringa oleifera seed extract for water treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(8), 7692–7700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-6029-7CrossRef

202.

Unda-Calvo, J., & Safety, M. M.-S. (2017). Metal bioaccessibility assessment in surface bottom sediments from the Deba River urban catchment: Harmonization of PBET, TCLP and BCR sequential extraction…. Elsevier.

203.

Auta, H. S., Emenike, C. U., & Fauziah, S. H. (2017). Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environment International, 102, 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.013CrossRef

204.

Simate, G. S., & Ndlovu, S. (2015). The removal of heavy metals in a packed bed column using immobilized cassava peel waste biomass. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.031CrossRef

205.

Aishah, N. O. S. N., & Mohd-Zin, N. S. (2019). A review of wastewater treatment using natural material and its potential as aid and composite coagulant. Sains Malaysiana, 48(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-18CrossRef

206.

Nithya, M., & Abirami, M. (2018). The leachate treatment by using natural coagulants (Pine Bark and Chitosan). International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 05(4), 2711–2714.

207.

Mohd-Asharuddin, S., Othman, N., Shaylinda, N., Zin, M., & Tajarudin, H. A. (2017). A chemical and morphological study of cassava peel: A potential waste as coagulant aid. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017, 1–8.

208.

Camacho, F., Sousa, V., & Bergamasco, R. (2017). The use of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant in surface water treatment. Elsevier.CrossRef

209.

Ahmed, Z., Yusoff, M. S., Mokhtar Kamal, N., & Aziz, H. A. (2021). Application of natural starch coagulant followed by membrane filtration for the elimination of colour from stabilized leachate. In Advances in engineering research (Vol. 200, pp. 82–90). ICoST. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201229.012CrossRef

210.

Mumbi, A. W., Fengting, L., & Karanja, A. (2018). Sustainable treatment of drinking water using natural coagulants in developing countries: A case of informal settlements in Kenya. Water Utility Journal, 18, 11.

211.

Awang, N. A., & Aziz, H. A. (2012). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract as coagulant aid in leachate treatment. Applied Water Science, 2, 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-012-0049-yCrossRef

212.

Oliveira, Z. L., Lyra, M. R. C. C., Arruda, A. C. F., Silva, A. M. R. B., Nascimento, J. F., & Ferreira, S. R. M. (2016). Efficiency in the treatment of landfill leachate using natural coagulants from the seeds of moringa oleifera lam and abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Okra). Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 21, 9721–9752.

213.

Nur, S. M. Z., & Omar, A. M. (2017). Removals of colour and turbidity from stabilized leachate by using alum and glutinous rice flour dual coagulants. MATEC Web of Conferences, 138, 1–4.

214.

Shaylinda, M. Z. N., Hamidi, A. A., Mohd, N. A., Ariffin, A., Irvan, D., Hazreek, Z. A. M., & Z.M. (2018). Nizam Optimization of composite coagulant made from polyferric chloride and tapioca starch in landfill leachate treatment. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 995, 012019.CrossRef

215.

Rasool, M. A., Tavakoli, B., Chaibakhsh, N., Pendashteh, A. R., & Mirroshandel, A. S. (2016). Use of a plant-based coagulant in coagulation–ozonation combined treatment of leachate from a waste dumping site. Ecological Engineering, 90, 431–437.CrossRef

216.

Wang, Z., et al. (2016). Continuous-flow combined process of nitritation and ANAMMOX for treatment of landfill leachate. Bioresource Technology, 214, 514–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.118CrossRef

217.

Rada, E., Istrate, I., Ragazzi, M., Andreottola, G., & Torretta, V. (2013). Analysis of electro-oxidation suitability for landfill leachate treatment through an experimental study. Sustainability, 5(9), 3960–3975. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5093960CrossRef

Titel: Landfill Leachate Treatment
verfasst von: Hamidi Abdul Aziz
Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed Zahari
Zaber Ahmed
Shahrul Ismail
Izan Jaafar
Mohd Suffian Yusoff
Lawrence K. Wang
Mu-Hao Sung Wang
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Solid Waste Engineering and Management
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-96988-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-96989-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96989-9_8