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2015 | Buch

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Electronic Waste

Recycling Techniques

herausgegeben von: Hugo Marcelo Veit, Andréa Moura Bernardes

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book presents an overview of the characterization of electronic waste. In addition, processing techniques for the recovery of metals, polymers and ceramics are described. This book serves as a source of information and as an educational technical reference for practicing scientists and engineers, as well as for students.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

Studies in the field of solid waste have grown a lot since the amount and rate of waste generation is increasing every year. It is therefore necessary to study alternatives to recycle and reuse solid waste, to extend the life cycle of materials, and to reduce the rate of extraction of natural resources to supply the industrial demand for raw materials.

Hugo Marcelo Veit, Andréa Moura Bernardes

Chapter 2. Electronic Waste: Generation and Management

Abstract

The electronics industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It has grown steadily in recent decades, generates a great number of jobs, promotes technological development and, at the same time, fuels a high demand for raw materials that are considered scarce or rare (e.g. precious metals and rare earths elements).

Hugo Marcelo Veit, Andréa Moura Bernardes

Chapter 3. Processing Techniques

Abstract

Electronic waste processing is very complex due to the great heterogeneity of its composition and its poor compatibility with the environment.

Hugo Marcelo Veit

Chapter 4. Mechanical Processing

Abstract

Mechanical processing includes the steps of comminution, size classification, gravity separation, magnetic and electrostatic separation, among others. Each of these techniques is detailed below.

Angela Cristina Kasper, Nichele Cristina de Freitas Juchneski, Hugo Marcelo Veit

Chapter 5. Leaching Processes

Abstract

When solid materials are exposed to a liquid, some constituents will dissolve to a greater or lesser extent. The degree of dissolution of individual constituents by the contacting liquid leads to a leachate/percolate or extract composition that can be of interest for different purposes [1], such as the extraction of metals from solid waste through a suitable leachant. Leaching is a step in hydro- and electrometallurgical processes and has been also employed for the recovery of metals from waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The process may be preceded by a mechanical pretreatment of the waste (see Chap. 6) and followed by purification and metal recovery from the solution (see Chaps. 8 and 9). This chapter will discuss the different leaching solutions and conditions for WEEE processing.

Camila Ottonelli Calgaro, Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe, Daniel Assumpção Bertuol, Flávia Paulucci Cianga Silvas, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório

Chapter 6. Hydrometallurgical Processing

Abstract

Hydrometallurgical processes are used to recover metals from solutions obtained after leaching steps. This chapter will present liquid-liquid extraction and cementation processes used to recover metals from WEEE.

Daniel Assumpção Bertuol, Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe, Lucas Meili, Hugo Marcelo Veit

Chapter 7. Electrometallurgical Processing

Abstract

Electrowinning is an electrochemical process employed to extract metals such as copper, zinc, nickel, manganese and cadmium from their solutions. The electrolytic cell is the basic device used in this process, consisting of an inert anode, such as lead or titanium, and a cathode, placed in an aqueous electrolyte containing the metal solution. The cathode is either a thin plate of pure metal (starter sheet) or a plate made from stainless steel or aluminium (permanent cathode plate). Metal ions pass from the solution and are deposited onto the cathode; gases such as chlorine or oxygen are evolved at the anode.

Daniel Assumpção Bertuol, Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe, Lucas Meili

Chapter 8. Pyrometallurgical Processing

Abstract

Conventional metal recycling processes are often based on the primary process routes, meaning that pyrometallurgical processes are applied for the recycling of e.g. copper, lead and steel. Metal casings, external cables and other materials (made of aluminum, steel or copper), separated from WEEE by hand sorting/disassembly, are usually sent to primary or secondary smelters. The process steps depend on the metal content of the secondary raw material, other constituents, size, etc. Nevertheless, for the recycling of metals from complex EOL scrap, such as PCBs, catalysts, LCD, etc., purely hydro- or pyrometallurgical processes are usually not efficient, making a more complex process route necessary.

Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Viviane Tavares Moraes, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório

Chapter 9. Electronic Waste Recycling

Abstract

E-waste contains a variety of valuable materials, such as metals, glass, plastics and other materials . Although recycling processes are usually planned for the metal fractions because of the economical value of this fraction, non-metallic fractions are gaining more attention, since the disposal of such material in landfills, or the burning of plastics can be associated to high environmental contamination . This chapter will discuss the general recycling of material from e-wastes.

Angela Cristina Kasper, Adjanara Preis Gabriel, Erich Lopes Braitback de Oliveira, Nichele Cristina de Freitas Juchneski, Hugo Marcelo Veit

Chapter 10. Batteries

Abstract

The high variety of applications for batteries, from flashlights to vehicles, demands may different battery chemistries and materials so as to meet the wide range of power, energy, size, weight, safety and cost requirements [1]. Among these different types of batteries, primary batteries (nonrechargeable), such as the alkaline and zinc varieties, and rechargeable batteries, such as lead/acid secondary batteries can be found. Portable secondary batteries are the most widely used in electrical and electronic equipments. The recycling processes of these portable rechargeable batteries (NiCd, NiMH and LIBs), along with the recycling of primary zinc-manganese dioxide systems, are going to be discussed in this chapter.

Felipe Costa Hashimoto Bertin, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe, Daniel Assumpção Bertuol, Edson Luiz Foletto, Ana Javorsky da Costa

Erratum to: Batteries

Felipe Costa Hashimoto Bertin, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe, Daniel Assumpção Bertuol, Edson Luiz Foletto, Ana Javorsky da Costa

Titel: Electronic Waste
herausgegeben von: Hugo Marcelo Veit
Andréa Moura Bernardes
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-15714-6
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15713-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15714-6