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Erschienen in:
Stereotypes of Japanese Human Resource Management and Labour–Management Relations Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. The Formation of Industrial Subcontracting in the Japanese Manufacturing Industry

verfasst von : Naoki Kuriyama

Erschienen in: Japanese Human Resource Management

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Up to 1990, worldwide industrial restructuring required every economic actor to adapt flexibly to changing situations. Whilst the giants seemed to suffer from slow action and reaction, it was the small companies which became more active. Moreover, they became more active in the sectors which showed the greatest growth. A report of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pointed out, for example, that about one-quarter of employment in growing sectors in the Federal Republic of Germany and in Japan was in very small establishments (less than 10 employees), while in declining sectors the proportion was about one-eighth (OECD 1989). This could be partly due to the expansion of the service sector; however, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing also appeared to be developing on a broader basis. In manufacturing, a pervasive revision of labour could be seen to be occurring in smaller units of employment (establishments and enterprises), at least in the industrialised countries (Sengenberger and Loveman 1987).

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Case of the Food and Drink Industries in Japan in Response to Technological Change and Employment Adjustment in the Late 1990s
Nächstes Kapitel Resilience of Japanese Automobile Investment in Thailand during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis
Fußnoten
1
Data supplied by the Federal Labour Office of Japan from the registers of the social insurance scheme.
 
2
The concept of ‘flexible specialisation’ was presented in Piore, M. and Sabel, C. (1984), The Second Industrial Divide, New York: Basic Books.
 
3
Studying the economic and social characteristics of industrial districts was one of the major research projects of the new industrial organisation programme of the International Institute for Labour Studies (IILS) in 1990.
 
4
In this chapter, the companies to which some production and processing of parts and components are subcontracted are called subcontracting companies or subcontractors.
 
5
An article in the International Labour Review made this point, saying that ‘there is a discernible trend for certain issues to be shifted from the domain of collective relations to that of individual relations or from “industrial relations” which are essentially bilateral, to a form of “human resources management” which is basically unilateral’ (Kanawaty, Gladstone, Prokopenko and Rodgers (1989), ‘Adjustment at the Micro Level’, in International Labour Review, No. 3.
 
6
Please see Chapter 7, section 2.1: Intellectual Skills and the OJT System of this book.
 
7
The JIT system was introduced not only in manufacturing but also other industries such as services. See Shinohara 1988.
 
8
Reported by Ikeda Masayoshi, a Japanese journal: Economist, 5.23, 1989.
 
9
Information hearing from the Ministry of Labour.
 
10
Information hearing from All Japan Truck Association.
 
Literatur
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Asanuma, Bami. (1989). Manufacture-supplier relationships in Japan and the concept of relation-specific skills. Journal of the Japanese and international Economics, 2(4).
Contini, Bruno. (1989). Employment problems under structural adjustment: The case of Italy. Paper presented to an International Symposium on Problems of Local Employment under Structural Adjustment, Tokyo, National Institute of Employment and Vocational Research, September.
Dore, R. (1986). Flexible rigidity: Industrial policy and structural adjustment in the Japanese economy 1970–1980. London: Athlone Press.
Friedman, D. (1988). The misunderstood miracle: Industrial development and political change in Japan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Ikeda, Masayoshi. (1988, February). JIT enters a new phase in the Japanese auto industry (2)—An approach to Japan’s subcontracting system. In Site.
Ikeda, Masayoshi. (1988, September). New developments of the Japanese pattern of subcontracting system, in The Studies of Business and Industry, Tokyo, Nihon University, No. 5.
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Sengenberger, W. (1988, July). Economic and social perspectives of small enterprises. In Labour and Society. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.
Sengenberger, W. and Loveman, G. (1987). Smaller units of employment, A synthesis report on industrial reorganization in industrialized countries, Discussion Paper, Geneva, International Institute for Labour Studies (rev. 1988).
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Metadaten
Titel
The Formation of Industrial Subcontracting in the Japanese Manufacturing Industry
verfasst von
Naoki Kuriyama
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
Japanese Human Resource Management

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43052-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-43053-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43053-9_4

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